IGI Active Living and Health Insight International • Peer-Reviewed • Open Access AIMS & SCOPE Brief Description IGI Active Living and Health Insight (Igi. Activein. J.) is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access scholarly journal dedicated to disseminating high-quality research in active living, physical activity, and health sciences. The journal publishes original research articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, theoretical papers, and methodological studies that advance knowledge and support evidence-based practice. The journal emphasizes interdisciplinary perspectives addressing physical activity, lifestyle behaviors, health promotion, motor development, public health, and wellness. IGI Active Living and Health Insight welcomes contributions from researchers, academics, educators, clinicians, and practitioners worldwide. Core Topics Active living • Physical activity • Health sciences • Wellness Interdisciplinary Scope Exercise science • Health promotion • Physical education • Public health • Motor development Accepted Article Types Original research • Systematic reviews • Meta-analyses • Theoretical papers • Methodological studies Journal title IGI Active Living and Health Insight Cover Subject Active living • Physical activity • Health sciences • Wellness Abbreviation Igi. Activein. J. Publisher INSPIRETECH GLOBAL INSIGHT Language Indonesia | English (Prefered) Frequency 4 issues per year: March 27 | June 27 | September 27 | December 27 DOI Prefix 10.53905/Activein by Online ISSN 3124-4084 Chief Editor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ahmad Yani Citation Analysis Google Scholar | Dimension | OpenAlex | Scilit MDPI Indexing CROSSREF | GARUDA | Google Scholar More indexing.. This scholarly journal invites contributions throughout the entire year. Submitted manuscripts are evaluated immediately upon arrival. The manuscript template is available for download here...
Toward a Sports-Based Behavior Contract Model for ADHD Management in Inclusive Schools: Evidence from a Systematic Literature Review
Purpose of the study: This systematic literature review aimed to synthesize the existing evidence on the effectiveness of integrating behavior contracts and adaptive physical activity as complementary interventions for managing Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in inclusive school settings. The review also sought to identify research gaps and establish a conceptual foundation for developing a sports-based behavior contract model. Materials and methods: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature was retrieved from Google Scholar, Garuda, and the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) using predefined keywords related to behavior contracts, adaptive physical activity, ADHD, hyperactivity, and inclusive education. Studies published between 2016 and 2026 in English or Indonesian were screened based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Following the identification, screening, eligibility, and quality assessment processes, thirteen studies were included in the thematic synthesis. Results: The findings demonstrate that behavior contracts consistently enhance students' behavioral commitment, self-regulation, and adherence to targeted behaviors through structured reinforcement mechanisms. Meanwhile, adaptive physical activities—including swimming, martial arts, gymnastics, and motor-based games—effectively reduce hyperactivity, improve attentional control, and promote executive functioning among children with ADHD. However, no reviewed study empirically integrated these two evidence-based approaches into a unified intervention framework. This gap highlights the potential of combining structured physical activity with behavior contracts to simultaneously strengthen behavioral regulation and channel excess motor activity within inclusive educational environments. Conclusions: Current evidence supports the complementary effectiveness of behavior contracts and adaptive physical activity for ADHD intervention; nevertheless, their integration remains underexplored. The proposed sports-based behavior contract model represents a promising conceptual framework that warrants future empirical validation through experimental and longitudinal studies in inclusive schools.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Enhancing School Safety Through Evidence-Based First Aid Training: Strengthening Emergency Preparedness Among Physical Education Teachers
Purpose of the study: This community service program aimed to enhance the knowledge, practical competencies, and emergency preparedness of Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) teachers who are members of the MGMP in Karo Regency in providing appropriate first aid during sports-related accidents and supporting safer physical education learning environments. Materials and methods: The program employed a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach involving 20 PJOK teachers. The implementation consisted of a needs assessment through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), interactive workshops, and hands-on simulation-based training covering first aid procedures, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), immobilization techniques, victim evacuation, and the evidence-based RICE, PEACE, and LOVE protocols. Program effectiveness was evaluated using pre-test and post-test questionnaires, performance observation sheets, and descriptive quantitative and qualitative analyses. Results: The training significantly improved participants' knowledge and practical competencies across all evaluated indicators. The average competency improvement reached approximately 95.1%, with notable gains in injury management using the RICE, PEACE, and LOVE protocols, CPR implementation, and emergency evacuation procedures. In addition to technical skill enhancement, participants demonstrated a positive shift toward evidence-based first aid practices and greater awareness of risk management and school safety culture. Conclusions: The first aid training program effectively strengthened the competence and confidence of PJOK teachers in responding to sports-related emergencies. Integrating interactive workshops with practical simulations proved to be an effective strategy for improving evidence-based first aid competencies while fostering a sustainable safety culture in schools. The program also contributes to educational management by reinforcing teachers' roles as safety managers and supporting the development of safer physical education practices.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Al Munawar, Afwa Raufi, Pedomanta Keliat, Sefterlima Harefa, Dira Khalisya (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Effects of Audio-Guided Adaptive Gymnastics on Physical Fitness among Students with Visual Impairment: A Controlled School-Based Intervention
Introduction. Students with visual impairment are consistently under-represented in school physical activity because mainstream physical education is transmitted through visual demonstration, visual environmental orientation, and visually mediated corrective feedback. The resulting instructional inaccessibility is associated with reduced motor competence, lower habitual physical activity, and diminished health-related physical fitness. Audio-guided adaptive gymnastics has been proposed as an accessible alternative in which visual demonstration is systematically replaced by standardised verbal movement description, rhythmic temporal cues, spatially anchored sound, and immediate auditory feedback. Purpose. The study examined the effects of an eight-week audio-guided adaptive gymnastics programme on health-related physical fitness among students with visual impairment enrolled at UPT SLB-E Negeri PTP Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. Materials and methods. A controlled pretest–posttest experimental design was applied. Twenty-four students with visual impairment aged 12–17 years were allocated to an audio-guided adaptive gymnastics group (n = 12) or to a control group receiving the regular adapted physical education programme (n = 12). The intervention was delivered three times weekly for eight weeks (24 sessions, ≈40 min per session) and comprised auditory orientation, rhythmic locomotor work, muscular endurance exercise, dynamic balance tasks, flexibility work, and audio-guided relaxation. Physical fitness was assessed using the six-minute walk/run test, the 30-second sit-to-stand test, the 30-second curl-up test, the sit-and-reach test, and the single-leg balance test, combined into a standardised composite score. Data were analysed with 2 × 2 mixed-design analysis of variance, analysis of covariance, partial eta squared, Cohen's d, and 95% confidence intervals. Results. A significant group × time interaction was observed for the composite physical fitness score, F(1, 22) = 25.84, p < .001, partial η² = .540. The intervention group improved more than the control group in cardiorespiratory endurance, lower-body muscular endurance, abdominal muscular endurance, flexibility, and static postural balance. The adjusted between-group difference at posttest was 11.71 points, 95% CI [6.29, 17.13], with a large standardised effect, d = 1.42. Significant interactions were also obtained for all secondary outcomes (p ≤ .002; d = 0.91–1.42). Adherence was 94.2% and no serious adverse events were recorded. Conclusions. Audio-guided adaptive gymnastics is a feasible, low-cost, and potentially effective strategy for improving multiple components of health-related physical fitness in school-aged students with visual impairment. Standardised auditory instruction, predictable rhythmic structure, and immediate accessible feedback may enhance movement accuracy, autonomy, confidence, and sustained participation. Larger multicentre randomised trials with device-based physical activity monitoring and extended follow-up are warranted.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gita Nurgaya Br Tarigan, Ramadan, Putri Lagenda Wulandari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Effectiveness of Sports Massage in the Prevention and Rehabilitation of Muscle Injuries in Track and Field Jump Athletes: A Systematic Literature Review
Purpose of the study: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of sports massage interventions in preventing and rehabilitating muscle injuries among track and field jump athletes, examining the impact on injury incidence, recovery time, performance outcomes, and functional restoration. Materials and methods: A comprehensive systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Five electronic databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL) were searched from inception to October 2024. Inclusion criteria encompassed randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, and cohort studies examining sports massage interventions in track and field jump athletes (long jump, triple jump, high jump, pole vault) aged 16 years and above. Two independent reviewers conducted study selection, quality assessment using the PEDro scale, and data extraction. Primary outcomes included injury incidence rates, time to return to sport, pain levels, and range of motion. Secondary outcomes included muscle strength, power output, and athletic performance measures. Results: Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 847 track and field jump athletes (mean age: 22.4 ± 3.8 years). Studies demonstrated that regular prophylactic sports massage (2-3 sessions weekly) reduced lower extremity muscle injury incidence by 23-41% compared to control groups (p < 0.05). For rehabilitation, sports massage combined with conventional therapy accelerated return to sport by 18-26% in hamstring, quadriceps, and calf injuries. Significant improvements were observed in pain reduction (VAS reduction: 2.8-4.2 points), range of motion (8-15% increase), and perceived recovery (p < 0.01). However, study heterogeneity regarding massage protocols, intervention duration, and outcome measures limited meta-analytic synthesis. Conclusions: Evidence supports the integration of sports massage in both prevention and rehabilitation protocols for track and field jump athletes. Regular prophylactic massage demonstrates moderate-to-strong effects in reducing injury incidence, particularly for lower extremity muscle injuries. As a rehabilitation adjunct, sports massage accelerates functional recovery and return to sport. Standardization of massage protocols and longer-term follow-up studies are warranted to establish optimal dosage parameters and sustained benefits.
Frekdi Alosius Manik Frekdi Alosius Manik
Copyright (c) 2026 Rudy Kharunia Harahap, Jiyad hawari, Frekdi Alosius Manik (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Swimming Education and Water Safety in Schools: A Systematic Literature Review
Purpose: This systematic literature review aims to synthesize global evidence on swimming education and water safety programs implemented within school settings, with particular emphasis on identifying effective pedagogical approaches, intervention frameworks, program characteristics, contextual facilitators, and persistent barriers that influence student swimming competency and drowning prevention outcomes. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) guidelines. Five major academic databases were searched: Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. Search strategies employed Boolean operators combining terms related to swimming instruction, aquatic education, water safety, drowning prevention, and school-based interventions. The review encompassed peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2019 and 2026, written in English. A total of 1,247 records were initially identified; following removal of duplicates, title and abstract screening, and full-text eligibility assessment, 52 studies met the inclusion criteria. Study quality was evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Thematic synthesis and narrative analysis were applied to extract and integrate key findings. Results: Five major thematic clusters emerged from the review: (1) structured aquatic curriculum models and their effectiveness across age groups; (2) instructional strategies and differentiated teaching in school-based swimming programs; (3) the role of water safety education in drowning prevention; (4) barriers to participation including socioeconomic disparities, cultural attitudes, facility access, and fear; and (5) the integration of technology and innovative pedagogies in aquatic education. Findings indicate that well-structured, age-appropriate, and culturally responsive swimming programs significantly improve fundamental aquatic skills and water safety knowledge among school-aged children. Nevertheless, critical inequities in program access persist globally. Conclusions: Swimming education and water safety represent an urgent public health imperative and an underinvested component of school physical education curricula globally. This review underscores the need for equitable, evidence-based aquatic education policies, adequately trained instructors, accessible facilities, and culturally sensitive program delivery. Future research should prioritize longitudinal effectiveness studies, equity-focused interventions, and the development of internationally standardized competency frameworks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Frekdi Alosius Manik, Jiyad Hawari, Suprayitno, Muhammad Yan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Physical Literacy and Health Education: A Systematic Review of Educational Outcomes
Purpose: This systematic review examines the relationship between physical literacy (PL) and health education, with a focus on the educational outcomes generated by school-based interventions targeting students from primary through secondary levels. It aims to synthesise evidence on how PL-oriented programmes influence physical, cognitive, affective, and social dimensions of student development. Materials and Methods: Following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, five electronic databases were systematically searched: Dimensions, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, and ERIC. Search terms combined 'physical literacy,' 'health education,' 'physical education,' 'educational outcomes,' 'learning outcomes,' and related population terms (student*, school*, adolescen*, youth). Publications were limited to 2022–2026. Independent reviewers screened and extracted data; quality was assessed using adapted ROBIS and GRADE frameworks. Results: From 1,889 records identified, 38 studies met inclusion criteria. Holistic PL interventions demonstrated consistent positive effects on the physical domain (motor competence, physical activity participation) and moderate effects on affective outcomes (self-efficacy, motivation, enjoyment). Cognitive and social outcomes showed mixed evidence. Teacher competency, implementation quality, and policy alignment emerged as critical moderating factors. Significant heterogeneity was noted across study designs, PL assessment instruments, and reported outcomes. Conclusions: Physical literacy interventions within health education contexts offer measurable benefits across several educational outcome domains, particularly for physical competence and affective development. Future research must prioritise standardised PL assessment, longitudinal designs, and equitable implementation frameworks to advance the evidence base and inform national policy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andes Martua Harahap, Bintang Nurilla Panjaitan, Santa Nunut Hutasoit, Nazmi Ahmad Amin Sinambela (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Physical Fitness Profiles of Beginner Volleyball Players in a Developing Regional Academy: Insights for Youth Performance Development
Purpose of the study: This study aimed to profile the physical fitness characteristics — muscular strength, cardiorespiratory endurance, agility, speed, and coordination — of beginner volleyball players at Yuso Volleyball Academy, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, and to examine sex-based differences in order to inform evidence-based youth performance development. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was employed. Twenty-five beginner volleyball players (boys, n = 11; girls, n = 14; aged 8–12 years) were assessed using a standardised test battery comprising the 60-second push-up test (strength), the 12-minute Cooper run (cardiorespiratory endurance), the Illinois agility test (agility), the 30-metre sprint (speed), and the volleyball wall-pass test over 30 seconds (sport-specific coordination). Descriptive statistics (mean ± standard deviation) were computed, and independent-samples t-tests with Cohen's d effect sizes were used to examine sex differences (α = 0.05). Results: Forty-seven studies (n = 3,284; 19 countries; 2000–2024) met inclusion criteria; 42 were pooled Boys outperformed girls in strength (41.36 ± 4.82 vs. 32.14 ± 3.97 repetitions; p < 0.001; d = 2.11), endurance (2,520 ± 180 vs. 2,210 ± 165 m; p < 0.001; d = 1.81), and speed (4.32 ± 0.24 vs. 4.68 ± 0.29 s; p = 0.003; d = 1.34). Differences in agility (10.21 ± 0.56 vs. 10.45 ± 0.61 s; p = 0.32) and coordination (28.09 ± 3.11 vs. 26.21 ± 2.88 repetitions; p = 0.13) were not statistically significant. Across the cohort, agility, speed, and coordination were classified as 'good', whereas cardiorespiratory endurance was the lowest-rated component ('fair'). Conclusions: Beginner volleyball players at the academy displayed a fair-to-good overall fitness profile, with cardiorespiratory endurance identified as the most prominent developmental priority for both sexes. Agility, speed, and coordination should be maintained through varied, sport-specific stimuli, while strength training should be progressively individualised, with particular attention to upper-body conditioning in girls. The findings provide a regionally relevant baseline that can be integrated into structured long-term athlete development pathways.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ade Rahmat, Muhammad Suhairi, Rio Wardhani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Barriers to Physical Activity Among Adolescent Girls During Menstruation: A Global Systematic Literature Review
Purpose: Menstruation constitutes a critical, yet frequently overlooked, determinant of physical activity (PA) participation among adolescent girls globally. This systematic literature review aimed to identify, synthesize, and critically evaluate the multidimensional barriers — physiological, psychological, socio-cultural, environmental, and institutional — that impede regular PA engagement among adolescent girls (aged 10–19 years) during menstruation, and to provide evidence-based insights for scholars, health practitioners, educators, and policymakers. Materials for Analysis: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic search was conducted across three major academic databases — Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed — encompassing peer-reviewed studies published between January 2013 and December 2023. Boolean search strategies combining terms related to menstruation, physical activity, barriers, and adolescent girls were applied. Studies were eligible if they focused on girls aged 10–19, were published in English, and empirically addressed barriers to PA during menstruation. Following rigorous screening and quality appraisal, a total of 42 studies from 28 countries were included in the final synthesis. Results: Five overarching thematic clusters of barriers were identified: (1) physiological barriers, predominantly dysmenorrhea, fatigue, and perceived physical discomfort; (2) psychological barriers, encompassing menstrual stigma, body image concerns, and fear of leakage; (3) socio-cultural barriers, including cultural taboos, religious norms, and family-imposed restrictions; (4) institutional and environmental barriers, manifested as inadequate school sanitation facilities, lack of menstrual hygiene products, and unsupportive physical education policies; and (5) informational barriers, reflecting poor menstrual health literacy and inadequate teacher training. Notably, socio-cultural and environmental barriers were most pronounced in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), while psychological barriers exhibited greater prevalence across high-income settings. Intersectionality of race, socioeconomic status, and geographic context significantly moderated the nature and intensity of these barriers. Conclusions: Barriers to PA during menstruation are multifactorial, deeply embedded in social and institutional structures, and disproportionately affect adolescent girls from marginalized communities. A comprehensive, context-sensitive, and intersectional approach — integrating school-based menstrual health education, infrastructural improvements, and policy reform — is urgently needed to address these barriers. This review calls for global concerted action to dismantle menstrual stigma and ensure equitable PA access for all adolescent girls.
Copyright (c) 2026 Heri Mazmur, M.Elza Fahlevi Ramadhan, ⁠Dea Lendra Ginting (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effectiveness of Massage Therapy in Treating Sports-Related Muscle Injuries: An Evidence-Based Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Purpose of the study: Sports-related muscle injuries, including strains, tears, contusions, and delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), account for up to half of all sports injuries and are a major cause of time-loss in athletes. Massage therapy is widely used as an adjunctive treatment, yet its efficacy across injury types and athletic populations remains variably reported. To systematically evaluate and quantify the effectiveness and safety of massage therapy for sports-related muscle injuries in adult athletes, and to explore dose–response relationships, moderating factors, and remaining evidence gaps. Materials and methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were searched from inception to 31 October 2024. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, and prospective cohorts evaluating massage therapy for sports-related muscle injuries in adults, compared with placebo, usual care, other therapeutic modalities, or no treatment. Primary outcomes were pain, range of motion (ROM), functional recovery, return-to-play, and muscle damage biomarkers (e.g. serum creatine kinase [CK]). Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2 for trials and Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for observational studies. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted; heterogeneity was quantified with I², and certainty of evidence graded using GRADE. Results: Forty-seven studies (n = 3,284; 19 countries; 2000–2024) met inclusion criteria; 42 were pooled meta-analytically. Massage therapy significantly reduced pain versus control (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.87; 95% CI −1.12 to −0.62; p < 0.001), improved ROM (SMD = 0.64; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.91; p < 0.001), and reduced serum CK (SMD = −0.64; 95% CI −1.04 to −0.25; p = 0.001). Effects on DOMS were large, peaking 48–72 h post-intervention (SMD up to −1.51). Deep tissue massage showed greater pain reduction than Swedish, sports-specific, or myofascial techniques (p = 0.008). Bi-weekly protocols with 40–60 min sessions were associated with the most favorable outcomes. Team sport and strength-training athletes exhibited the largest performance and recovery benefits. Adverse events were rare and mild; no serious events were reported. Evidence certainty was rated high for pain and DOMS, and moderate for ROM and CK. Conclusions: Massage therapy is an effective, safe, and evidence-based complementary intervention for sports-related muscle injuries, particularly for pain relief, DOMS attenuation, and functional recovery acceleration. Deep tissue massage delivered bi-weekly for 40–60 minutes appears optimal. Integration of massage therapy into multimodal rehabilitation and return-to-play strategies is supported, although further research is needed on comparative effectiveness, dose–response, and long-term outcomes.
Traditional Rubber Jumping Game as a Play-Based Intervention to Improve Fine and Gross Motor Development in Early Childhood: Evidence from Two Classroom Action Research Cycles
Purpose of the study: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the rubber jumping game (permainan lompat karet), a traditional Indonesian game, in enhancing both fine and gross motor skills among Group B children (aged 5–6 years) at RA Asiah Pekanbaru, Riau Province, Indonesia. Materials and methods: A classroom action research (CAR) design was employed across two cycles, involving 10 participants (6 males, 4 females). Data were collected through direct observation using structured observation sheets with a four-point developmental rating scale (BB, MB, BSH, BSB). Quantitative descriptive and qualitative analyses were applied to evaluate children’s motor development progression across pre-cycle, Cycle I, and Cycle II phases. Results: Pre-intervention assessment revealed critically low mean scores for fine motor skills (6.00%) and gross motor skills (6.10%). Following Cycle I, fine motor scores increased to 12.00% and gross motor scores to 9.00%. After Cycle II, substantial improvements were observed with fine motor scores reaching 20.60% and gross motor scores reaching 18.40%. Classical learning completeness achieved 80%, categorized as “very high” based on established success criteria. By Cycle II, 70% of children attained “Developing Very Well” (BSB) status for both motor domains. Conclusions: The rubber jumping game demonstrated significant efficacy in enhancing both fine and gross motor skills in early childhood settings. The integration of traditional games into the early childhood education curriculum offers a culturally relevant, cost-effective, and enjoyable pedagogical strategy for holistic motor development.
Sports Massage for Muscle Injury Rehabilitation: A PRISMA-Based Systematic Review
Purpose of the study: This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of sports massage therapy in the rehabilitation of muscle injuries, examining its impact on pain reduction, functional recovery, range of motion, and return-to-activity timelines. The study synthesizes current evidence to provide clinical recommendations for practitioners and identify areas requiring further investigation. Materials and methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to September 2024. The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-experimental studies, and cohort studies examining sports massage interventions for acute and chronic muscle injuries. Two independent reviewers screened 1,847 records, with 23 studies meeting inclusion criteria for qualitative synthesis and 15 for quantitative analysis. Data extraction focused on intervention characteristics, outcome measures, pain scales, functional assessments, and adverse events. Results: The analysis included 23 studies encompassing 1,456 participants with various muscle injuries (strains, contusions, delayed onset muscle soreness). Sports massage demonstrated significant improvements in pain reduction (mean difference: -1.8 points on VAS, 95% CI: -2.3 to -1.3, p<0.001), enhanced range of motion (mean increase: 12.4°, 95% CI: 8.7 to 16.1, p<0.001), and accelerated functional recovery compared to passive rest or standard care. Optimal treatment protocols involved 2-3 sessions per week for 15-30 minutes during acute phases, transitioning to maintenance protocols. No serious adverse events were reported. Heterogeneity in massage techniques, injury types, and outcome measurement tools was noted across studies. Conclusions: Sports massage represents an effective, safe adjunct therapy for muscle injury rehabilitation, demonstrating clinically significant improvements in pain management, functional restoration, and recovery acceleration. Evidence supports its integration into comprehensive rehabilitation programs, particularly when combined with therapeutic exercise and progressive loading protocols. Future research should standardize intervention protocols, establish optimal dosing parameters, and investigate long-term outcomes and injury prevention effects.
Analysis Potential Business Kebab Vegetable as Product Food Healthy for Creative Food Business Education
Purpose of the study: Inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption remains a major public health concern in Indonesia, with only 3.3% of the population meeting the recommended intake of ≥5 servings per day. This condition highlights the need for innovative, fiber-based food products that can increase public interest in healthy eating. Integrating entrepreneurship education into nutrition programs provides an opportunity to develop nutritious and commercially viable food products, such as vegetable kebabs. Materials and methods: This study employed a descriptive quantitative approach using secondary data from a healthy food bazaar conducted by undergraduate nutrition students at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Bina Bangsa University, in April 2024. Business feasibility was assessed using Revenue–Cost (R/C) ratio analysis, while strategic positioning was evaluated through SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis, including IFAS and EFAS matrix assessments. Results: The total production cost for 30 vegetable kebabs per day was IDR 227,200, with total revenue of IDR 300,000 and a net profit of IDR 72,800. The R/C ratio was 1.32, indicating that the business is financially feasible (R/C > 1). SWOT analysis showed a strong internal factor score (2.24) and external factor score (2.01), positioning the business in Quadrant I (growth-oriented strategy). Key strengths included strategic location, affordable pricing, and guaranteed product quality, while opportunities were supported by digital promotion and increasing health awareness among students. Conclusions: The vegetable kebab business demonstrates strong financial feasibility and strategic growth potential. As an entrepreneurship-based educational initiative, this product provides practical learning experience for nutrition students while contributing to the development of healthy, innovative food businesses. Continuous product innovation and strategic marketing are essential to sustain and expand the business.
Layanan Pada Masyarakat: Implementasi Terapi Massage pada Event Promosi STOK Bina Guna Medan di Lapangan Astaka Pancing 2024
Purpose of the study: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi layanan terapi massage sebagai bentuk pengabdian masyarakat pada event promosi STOK Bina Guna Medan di Lapangan Astaka Pancing tahun 2024, serta mengukur dampaknya terhadap kesehatan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat lokal. Materials and methods: Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dilaksanakan menggunakan pendekatan partisipatif dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Implementasi terapi massage dilakukan oleh mahasiswa dan dosen STOK Bina Guna Medan kepada 150 peserta masyarakat umum selama 3 hari (15-17 Maret 2024). Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi langsung, kuesioner pre-post treatment, dan wawancara mendalam dengan peserta. Results: Hasil menunjukkan bahwa 87% peserta mengalami penurunan tingkat stres dan ketegangan otot setelah mendapat terapi massage. Tingkat kepuasan masyarakat mencapai 92%, dengan 78% peserta menyatakan keinginan untuk melanjutkan terapi secara rutin. Event ini juga berhasil meningkatkan awareness masyarakat terhadap pentingnya terapi alternatif sebesar 85%. Conclusions: Implementasi terapi massage pada event promosi terbukti efektif sebagai bentuk pengabdian masyarakat yang memberikan manfaat langsung bagi kesehatan masyarakat sekaligus memperkenalkan program studi kesehatan STOK Bina Guna Medan kepada masyarakat luas.
Shooting Accuracy in Junior High School Football Extracurricular Activities: Study Examines How Leg Muscle Power and Ankle Coordination Relate
Purpose of the study: Shooting accuracy is a fundamental skill in football that significantly influences match outcomes. The relationship between biomechanical factors such as leg muscle power and ankle coordination with shooting precision remains understudied in adolescent populations. Purpose of the study: This research aimed to investigate the correlation between leg muscle power, ankle coordination, and shooting accuracy among junior high school football players participating in extracurricular activities. Materials and methods: Twenty-four male students (age 13.2 ± 0.8 years) from SMP Negeri 4 Lubuk Pakam participated in this cross-sectional study. Leg muscle power was assessed using vertical jump test, ankle coordination through single-leg balance test, and shooting accuracy via standardized target shooting protocol. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis in SPSS v27. Results: Significant positive correlations were found between leg muscle power and shooting accuracy (r = 0.742, p < 0.001) and ankle coordination and shooting accuracy (r = 0.681, p < 0.001). Combined variables explained 67.3% of shooting accuracy variance (R² = 0.673, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Leg muscle power and ankle coordination are significant predictors of shooting accuracy in junior high school football players. Training programs should emphasize both power development and proprioceptive exercises to enhance shooting performance.