Global Insights in Management and Economic Research
Global Insights in Management and Economic Research is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access journal that provides a platform for the dissemination of cutting-edge research in the fields of management, business strategy, economics, and global economic policy. The journal aims to bridge theoretical frameworks with practical insights, offering a global perspective on contemporary challenges and opportunities in both public and private sectors. GIMER welcomes original research articles, conceptual papers, case studies, and critical reviews that address a wide range of topics, including but not limited to: Strategic management and organizational behavior; International business and trade; Economic development and policy; Innovation and entrepreneurship; Sustainable and responsible management; Digital transformation in business and economics; Emerging market dynamics; Public sector management and governance. Journal title Global Insights in Management and Economic Research Cover Subject Economic Development and Growth; Management and Organizational Behavior; International Business and Trade; Public Policy and Economic Regulation; Finance and Investment; CSR and Sustainable Business; Digital Transformation and Innovation; Public Sector Management and Governance; Accounting and Auditing. Abbreviation Glob. Insights Manag. Econ. Res. Publisher INSPIRETECH GLOBAL INSIGHT Language English (Prefered); Indonesia. Frequency 4 issues per year: Feb 27 | May 27 | August 27 | Nov 27. DOI Prefix 10.53905/Gimer by Online ISSN 3090-8116 Chief Editor Dr. Ir. Arnan, MM Citation Analysis Google Scholar | Dimension | OpenAlex | Scilit MDPI Indexing CROSSREF | GARUDA | Google Scholar More indexing.. The journal is committed to fostering academic dialogue across disciplines and regions. By encouraging submissions from scholars, practitioners, and policymakers worldwide, GIMER contributes to advancing knowledge and practice in management and economic research.
Visual Branding Strategies and Consumer Engagement in Digital Media Ecosystems: A Systematic Literature Review
Purpose of the study: This study examines how platform power, digital packaging innovation, and visual branding techniques interact to influence consumer engagement within digital media ecosystems, with particular attention to emerging markets such as Indonesia. Materials and methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive electronic search was performed across four databases—Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and DOAJ—using Boolean keyword combinations. Twelve peer-reviewed studies published between 2021 and 2025 were ultimately selected for full analysis following the application of predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The synthesis reveals that effective visual branding in platform-mediated environments is governed by three interdependent dimensions: (1) platform architecture and algorithmic logic; (2) content strategy encompassing gamification, live-streaming, and owned media; and (3) consumer engagement outcomes at cognitive, emotional, and behavioural levels. Digital packaging innovations—including QR codes, NFC technology, and augmented reality—function as bridges connecting physical products to digital brand ecosystems, while cross-cultural differences significantly moderate strategy effectiveness. Conclusions: Brands operating in complex multi-platform digital environments must adopt context-sensitive, platform-specific visual branding strategies that integrate technological innovation, cultural nuance, and ethical data practices. A one-size-fits-all approach is inadequate in today’s fragmented digital ecosystem. Future longitudinal and cross-cultural empirical studies are needed to validate the proposed integrated framework.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aliyah Aliyah, Widya Oktary Setiawadhani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Assessing Ship Agency Procedural Management for Marine Waste Handling in Pelindo Marine Service Ports
Purpose of the study: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of ship agency procedural management for marine waste handling implemented by PT Pelindo Marine Service (PMS) in compliance with international and national maritime environmental standards. Materials and methods: A descriptive qualitative approach was employed utilizing a case study design. Data were collected via structured in-depth interviews with 48 purposively selected participants comprising ship agency officers, port waste management personnel, and ship representatives operating across Pelindo Marine Service branch ports. Triangulated data sources encompassed field observations, documentation analysis of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), and official port logbooks. Inductive thematic analysis following the <a href="https://dummy-citation.com/citation?d=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%3D%3D">(B & Michael, 1994) framework was applied. Risk assessment conformed to AS/NZS 4360:2004 methodology. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Karimun University Research Ethics Committee (Ref. No. KU-REC/2025/014). Results: Findings reveal that PT PMS has established a five-stage waste disposal procedure aligned with MARPOL 73/78 and ISO 14001:2015; however, critical operational gaps persist. A risk matrix analysis identified 14 hazard categories across five procedural stages, with 6 categorised as high-risk. Facility capacity shortfalls were documented at 67% of branch ports, and crew waste segregation awareness was rated low by 58.3% of respondents. Manual documentation systems contributed to a 23% administrative error rate. Conclusions: PT PMS demonstrates satisfactory regulatory compliance at the procedural framework level, yet significant implementation deficits undermine environmental outcomes. Digital transformation of waste documentation, expansion of port reception facilities, and systematic crew environmental education are urgently recommended to achieve full Green Port certification standards.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Muzakky, Nisha Desfi Arianti, Tri Mardalena (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Profitability Underperformance and Benchmark Gaps: Evidence from PT Japfa Comfeed Indonesia Tbk (2019–2023)
Purpose of the study: This study aims to assess the financial performance of PT. Japfa Comfeed Indonesia, Tbk. during the period 2019–2023 using profitability ratios, namely Net Profit Margin (NPM), Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Gross Profit Margin (GPM). The research seeks to determine the extent to which the company’s profitability metrics align with established industry benchmarks. Materials and methods: A qualitative descriptive research design was employed utilizing secondary data obtained from the published annual financial statements of PT. Japfa Comfeed Indonesia, Tbk. for the fiscal years 2019–2023. Financial data were sourced from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) database. Profitability ratios were calculated using standard formulas and subsequently compared against industry average standards. Descriptive statistical analysis, including trend analysis and mean computation, was applied to interpret the data. Results: The findings reveal that all four profitability ratios fell substantially below industry average standards throughout the observation period. The average NPM was 3% (industry standard: 20%), ROA averaged 4% (industry standard: 30%), ROE averaged 11% (industry standard: 40%), and GPM averaged 4% (industry standard: 40%). A declining trend was observed across most indicators from 2021 to 2023, suggesting deteriorating profitability performance. Conclusions: The financial performance of PT. Japfa Comfeed Indonesia, Tbk. based on profitability ratios is considered unsatisfactory over the 2019–2023 period, as all metrics remain significantly below industry benchmarks. The company must implement strategic measures to optimize asset utilization, improve cost management, and enhance capital efficiency to achieve competitive profitability standards. Future research should incorporate additional financial metrics and employ comparative analysis with peer companies.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Liquidity Ratio Analysis and Short-Term Financial Performance: Evidence from PT Garudafood Putra Putri Jaya Tbk (2019–2023)
Purpose of the study: Financial performance assessment is critical for evaluating a company's ability to meet its obligations and sustain operations. Liquidity ratios serve as fundamental indicators of short-term financial health, particularly in the consumer goods industry where working capital management directly impacts operational efficiency and stakeholder confidence. This study aims to analyze and assess the financial performance of PT. Garudafood Putra Putri Jaya, Tbk. during the 2019-2023 period using liquidity ratios comprising the Current Ratio, Quick Ratio, and Cash Ratio, benchmarked against industry standards to determine the company's short-term debt settlement capability. Materials and methods: This research employs a descriptive qualitative analysis approach utilizing secondary data sourced from the audited annual financial statements of PT. Garudafood Putra Putri Jaya, Tbk. obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The analysis encompasses a five-year longitudinal study period (2019-2023) with financial ratio calculations compared against industry average standards. Results: The findings reveal that the average Current Ratio (165%) and Quick Ratio (101%) fell below industry standards of 200% and 150% respectively, indicating suboptimal short-term liquidity management. Conversely, the Cash Ratio averaged 54%, exceeding the 50% industry benchmark, demonstrating adequate cash reserves for immediate liability coverage. Fluctuations were observed across all ratios during the study period, with notable improvements in 2020 and 2023. Conclusions: PT. Garudafood Putra Putri Jaya, Tbk. demonstrates mixed liquidity performance. While the company maintains satisfactory cash reserves, improvements in current asset management and inventory optimization are recommended to enhance overall liquidity ratios to industry-standard levels, thereby strengthening financial resilience and stakeholder confidence.
Liquidity Ratio Analysis for Evaluating Corporate Financial Performance: Evidence from PT Charoen Pokphand Indonesia Tbk Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange
Purpose of the study: This study aims to evaluate the financial performance of PT. Charoen Pokphand Indonesia, Tbk during the period 2019-2023 based on liquidity ratios, specifically Current Ratio, Quick Ratio, and Cash Ratio. The research seeks to determine whether the company maintains adequate liquidity to meet short-term obligations and sustain operational efficiency. Materials and methods: This study employs a descriptive qualitative research design utilizing secondary data obtained from the audited annual financial statements of PT. Charoen Pokphand Indonesia, Tbk. The population comprises all financial reports of the company, with the sample consisting of five consecutive years of financial statements (2019-2023). Data analysis was conducted through liquidity ratio calculations and comparison against industry standard benchmarks. The analytical framework follows established financial ratio analysis methodologies as documented in contemporary accounting literature. Results: The findings reveal that PT. Charoen Pokphand Indonesia, Tbk demonstrates varying levels of liquidity performance across the three measured ratios. The Current Ratio achieved an average of 209%, exceeding the industry standard of 200%, indicating satisfactory short-term debt coverage capacity. However, the Quick Ratio averaged 112%, falling below the industry benchmark of 150%, suggesting potential challenges in meeting immediate obligations without inventory liquidation. Similarly, the Cash Ratio averaged 29%, significantly below the industry standard of 50%, indicating limited cash reserves relative to current liabilities. Conclusions: The study concludes that while PT. Charoen Pokphand Indonesia, Tbk maintains adequate overall liquidity as measured by the Current Ratio, the company exhibits suboptimal performance in more stringent liquidity measures. The declining trend in Quick Ratio and Cash Ratio over the five-year period warrants strategic attention to enhance cash management practices and reduce dependency on inventory for short-term obligation fulfillment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Risma Khoir Hasibuan, Laily Ramadhani, Hafni Cholida Nasution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Financial Ratio–Based Assessment of Corporate Financial Performance: Evidence from PT Mustika Ratu Tbk (2019–2023)
Purpose of the study: This study aims to evaluate the financial performance of PT Mustika Ratu Tbk, a publicly listed consumer goods company on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), over a five-year period from 2019 to 2023. By employing comprehensive financial ratio analysis encompassing liquidity, solvency, and profitability dimensions, the research seeks to provide empirical evidence regarding the company’s financial health and to identify structural strengths and weaknesses in its performance trajectory during a period marked by significant macroeconomic volatility, including the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent economic recovery. Materials and methods: A descriptive quantitative research design was employed utilizing secondary data derived from audited annual financial statements published on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Financial performance was assessed through six key ratios: Current Ratio and Quick Ratio (liquidity), Debt-to-Asset Ratio and Debt-to-Equity Ratio (solvency), and Return on Assets and Return on Equity (profitability). Descriptive statistical analysis, including measures of central tendency, variability, and temporal trend analysis, was applied to evaluate performance across the study period. Results were benchmarked against prevailing industry standards established by the Ministry of Industry of the Republic of Indonesia to determine performance adequacy. Results: The findings indicate that PT Mustika Ratu Tbk demonstrated strong liquidity performance, with average Current and Quick Ratios of 252.55% and 159.45% respectively, both exceeding industry benchmarks. Solvency analysis revealed an adequate asset coverage of liabilities (DAR = 29.55%), although capital structure efficiency remained conservative as evidenced by a low Debt-to-Equity Ratio (43.27% against a 90% industry standard). Profitability performance was persistently weak, with average ROA of 2.09% and ROE of 3.24%, both substantially below the 30% industry expectation, although a recovery trend was observable from 2021 onward. Conclusions: While the company exhibits a sound short-term financial position and manageable debt levels, its persistent inability to generate adequate returns from assets and equity suggests structural inefficiencies in operational and strategic management. These results underscore the critical need for profitability-oriented reforms, including operational cost optimization, strategic asset redeployment, and revenue diversification, to enhance long-term financial sustainability and shareholder value creation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yarinidi Angel Zebua, Siswanto, Hafni Cholida Nasution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Consumer Trust in Digital Marketing: A Systematic Literature Review and Conceptual Framework
Purpose of the study: This systematic literature review aims to synthesize existing research on consumer trust in digital marketing contexts, identify key determinants and outcomes of trust, and develop an integrative conceptual framework that advances theoretical understanding and practical applications in digital marketing environments. Materials and methods: A comprehensive systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Electronic databases including Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and EBSCOhost were systematically searched for peer-reviewed articles published between 2014 and 2024. The search protocol utilized keywords: "consumer trust," "digital marketing," "e-commerce trust," "online trust," and "digital consumer behavior." Initial screening yielded 1,847 articles, with 89 studies meeting inclusion criteria after rigorous quality assessment using CASP and JBI critical appraisal tools. Results: The review identified five primary dimensions influencing consumer trust in digital marketing: (1) platform characteristics (security, privacy, design quality), (2) information quality (accuracy, relevance, transparency), (3) social influence (reviews, ratings, social proof), (4) vendor reputation (brand credibility, track record), and (5) technological factors (AI integration, personalization, user experience). Trust significantly impacts purchase intentions (r = 0.67, p < 0.001), brand loyalty (β = 0.58, p < 0.001), and customer engagement. Emerging themes include the dual impact of AI-driven personalization on trust, the critical role of data privacy concerns, and generational differences in trust formation mechanisms. Conclusions: Consumer trust in digital marketing is a multidimensional construct requiring integrated approaches combining technological security, transparent communication, and authentic relationship-building. The proposed conceptual framework integrates cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions of trust, providing actionable insights for digital marketers. Future research should examine trust dynamics in emerging technologies (metaverse, blockchain, generative AI) and cross-cultural trust formation patterns.
Copyright (c) 2026 Syamsurijal Hasan, Alexander Mayr https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analyzing the Competencies of Village Officials: A Fishbone Approach to Knowledge, Skills, Attitudes, and Leadership
Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to analyze the causes and impacts of low competence among village officials from the perspective of knowledge mastery, skills, mental attitude, and leadership in Gebog District, Kudus Regency. This study also aims to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors affecting the performance and competency improvement of village officials. Furthermore, the research seeks to formulate strategic policies for improving and developing the competencies of village officials through a Fishbone analysis approach, in order to enhance the effectiveness of public services and administrative performance at the village level. Materials and methods: This study employed a qualitative descriptive research design to analyze the competence of village officials from the perspectives of knowledge mastery, skills, mental attitude, and leadership. The research was conducted in villages across Gebog District, Kudus Regency. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with key informants, including district and village government officials, village facilitators, local village assistants, and community members who utilize village administrative services. Informants were selected purposively based on their role and relevance to the research objectives. The collected data were analyzed using qualitative analysis supported by the Fishbone (cause-and-effect) diagram to identify root causes of competence-related problems, as well as supporting and inhibiting factors affecting performance improvement. Data credibility was ensured through triangulation of sources and techniques. Results: The results show that the low competence of village officials in Gebog District is influenced by both internal and external factors across the dimensions of knowledge, skills, mental attitude, and leadership. Supporting factors for competency improvement include government support, adequate budgeting, availability of technology and infrastructure, and strong leadership commitment. On the other hand, limited resources, resistance to change, insufficient development opportunities, and bureaucratic constraints hinder improvement efforts. The Fishbone analysis highlights the need for integrated strategies focusing on training and education, supervision and evaluation, incentive enhancement, bureaucratic reform, and the effective use of technology to improve overall competency. Conclusions: This study reveals that village officials' competencies are influenced by internal and external factors related to knowledge, skills, mental attitude, and leadership. Strengthening training, leadership commitment, and technological utilization are essential to improve performance, service quality, and sustainable governance effectiveness at the village level.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fariq Mustofa, Joko Utomo, Mamik Indaryani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effects of Digital Marketing, Social Media Engagement, and Customer Trust on Customer Loyalty in an E-Commerce Contex
Purpose of the study: In the highly competitive e-commerce landscape, customer loyalty has become a critical factor for long-term business success. This study examines the influence of digital marketing, social media engagement, and customer trust on e-commerce customer loyalty at PT. Kopi Bintang Indonesia (Tomoro Coffee). Materials and methods: The research aims to determine the individual and collective effects of digital marketing, social media engagement, and customer trust on e-commerce customer loyalty at PT. Kopi Bintang Indonesia. Results: The multiple linear regression analysis yielded the equation Y = 35.540 + 0.130X1 + 0.202X2 + 0.284X3 + e. Partial t-tests revealed that digital marketing (t = 3.310, p < 0.05), social media engagement (t = 5.270, p < 0.05), and customer trust (t = 6.748, p < 0.05) each had a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty. The simultaneous F-test (F = 50.223, p < 0.05) demonstrated that all three variables collectively exerted a significant influence on customer loyalty. The adjusted R² value of 0.606 indicated that 60.6% of the variance in customer loyalty could be explained by these three independent variables, with the remaining 39.4% attributable to factors outside the model. Conclusions: Digital marketing, social media engagement, and customer trust significantly influence e-commerce customer loyalty both individually and collectively. Companies should implement integrated strategies that enhance digital marketing quality, foster active social media interactions, and build customer trust through transparent communication and secure transactions to strengthen customer loyalty in the e-commerce environment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hotmaria Pasaribu, Dwi Fany Fransiska Dewi Butar Butar, Hafni Cholida Nasution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Managerial Corporate Criminal Liability and Restorative Justice in Indonesian Corruption Cases: A Doctrinal and Policy Analysis
Purpose of the study: Corruption remains a critical issue in Indonesia, hindering clean and just governance. Traditional retributive justice focuses on punishment without addressing loss recovery or societal restoration. Restorative justice offers an alternative approach emphasizing relationship restoration and stakeholder balance. Materials and methods: This study employs normative legal research (doctrinal research) focusing on legal principles, norms, and regulations. Using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, data were collected through library research analyzing primary legal materials (legislation and court decisions), secondary materials (books and journals), and tertiary materials (legal dictionaries). Data analysis utilized qualitative juridical techniques for systematic legal interpretation. Results: Despite supportive regulations for corporate criminal liability, implementation challenges persist. Restorative justice demonstrates effectiveness in recovering losses and repairing relationships between perpetrators, victims, and society. The 2023 National Criminal Code formally recognizes corporations as criminal subjects, enhancing the relevance of restorative justice principles. Conclusions: Regulatory reform and enhanced education are necessary to improve understanding of corporate criminal liability and restorative justice. The integration of restorative justice principles in corruption cases can create more holistic justice outcomes while maintaining accountability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abels Selasih, Herry Febriadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effects of Promotional Media and Service Quality on Customers’ Savings Intention at PT Bank Sumut Head Office, Medan
Purpose of the study: In the current digital era, banks must implement effective marketing strategies to attract public interest in savings. Promotional media and service quality are two critical factors influencing customer savings decisions. This research aims to analyze the influence of promotional media and service quality on savings interest at PT. Bank Sumut Head Office in Medan City, both partially and simultaneously. Materials and methods: This quantitative research involved 92 registered customers in 2024. Data were collected through questionnaires using a Likert scale and analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS Version 25. Results: The regression analysis yielded Y = 5.065 + 0.305X₁ + 0.543X₂ + e, indicating that promotional media and service quality positively influence savings interest. The t-test showed that promotional media (t-count = 3.344 > t-table 1.986, sig. 0.001 < 0.05) and service quality (t-count = 5.731 > t-table 1.986, sig. 0.000 < 0.05) have significant positive effects on savings interest. The F-test (F-count = 85.096 > F-table 3.10) confirmed a simultaneous positive influence. The coefficient of determination (R²) was 0.649 (64.9%), indicating that promotional media and service quality explain 64.9% of the variance in savings interest, while 35.1% is influenced by other factors. Conclusions: Both promotional media and service quality significantly and positively influence savings interest at PT. Bank Sumut. Banks should enhance digital promotional strategies and maintain high service quality to increase customer savings interest and loyalty.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Profitability-Based Financial Performance of PT Indoritel Makmur Internasional Tbk (2019–2023)
Purpose of the study: This research aims to evaluate the financial performance of PT. Indoritel Makmur Internasional Tbk during the 2019-2023 period using profitability ratios, specifically Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE), to determine the company's efficiency in asset utilization and equity management. Materials and methods: This qualitative research utilized secondary data from audited financial statements obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) database. Financial performance was analyzed using descriptive-comparative methods, calculating ROA and ROE ratios and comparing results against industry standards (30% for ROA, 40% for ROE). Results: ROA fluctuated from 2.64% (2019) to a peak of 7.31% (2022), declining to 3.60% (2023), with a five-year average of 4.29%. ROE demonstrated similar patterns, ranging from 4.29% (2019) to 10.70% (2022), ending at 5.71% (2023), with an average of 6.73%. Both metrics remained consistently below industry benchmarks throughout the study period. Conclusions: PT. Indoritel Makmur Internasional Tbk's financial performance during 2019-2023 was classified as suboptimal based on profitability ratios. Despite positive growth trends in certain years, the company's inability to meet industry standards indicates inefficient asset and equity utilization, necessitating strategic interventions in operational efficiency, cost management, and revenue optimization.
Copyright (c) 2025 Putri Celine Tiofany, Siswanto, Siti Junaidah Hasibuan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Occupational Safety, Health, and Environmental (HSE/K3L) Risk Assessment of Ship Agency Personnel During Vessel Clearance Operations at PT Pelindo Marine Service
Purpose of the study: This research aims to comprehensively evaluate K3L risks encountered by ship agency officers at PT Pelindo Marine Service during the ship clearance process and to assess the effectiveness of existing risk control measures. Materials and methods: A qualitative descriptive case study approach was employed, utilizing the Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control (HIRARC) method. Data were collected through direct field observations, in-depth interviews with 10 respondents (ship agency officers, operational supervisors, and HSE officers), structured questionnaires, and analysis of company documents. Risk assessment was conducted using a Risk Assessment Matrix considering likelihood, severity, and risk rating parameters. Data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman model involving data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Results: The study identified five main activity categories with varying risk levels. The highest risk was found in boarding and disembarking activities via pilot ladder (high risk: moderate probability × severe impact), particularly during adverse weather and nighttime operations. Moderate risks were identified for exposure to engine exhaust fumes, work fatigue, and stress from inter-agency coordination. While PT Pelindo Marine Service has implemented various control measures including mandatory Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), toolbox meetings, periodic K3L training, and direct supervision, gaps in individual compliance and limited oversight during peak operational hours remain significant challenges. Conclusions: The HIRARC-based evaluation revealed that although existing control measures are partially effective, systematic improvements are necessary, particularly for high-risk activities. Strengthening safety protocols, enhancing staff compliance monitoring, implementing digital safety technologies, and fostering a robust safety culture are essential for minimizing occupational accidents and ensuring sustainable maritime operations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Muzakky, Nisha Desfi Arianti, Tri Mardalena https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Strengthening Copyright Protection Through Ethical Design Practices in the Creative Industry
Purpose of the study: This study examines the role of design ethics as a preventive mechanism to reduce copyright infringement in creative media industries, while mapping common infringement patterns and relevant mitigation strategies in the digital transformation era. Materials and methods: Using a qualitative-descriptive approach, this study conducted a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed publications from 2021-2025, supplemented by conceptual-normative analysis of the relationship between professional ethics, platform governance, and content production behavior. Data sources included academic databases (Scopus, Web of Science), institutional reports (UNESCO, WIPO), and legal studies on intellectual property rights. Results: Findings indicate that design ethics operates at three interconnected levels: (1) individual level—encompassing creative integrity, licensing literacy, and attribution practices; (2) organizational level—comprising asset-use standard operating procedures, copyright audits, and compliance culture; and (3) ecosystem level—involving ethics education, platform transparency, and policies protecting creators. The study proposes an "Ethics-Compliance-Rights" framework that integrates design ethics principles with moral and economic rights compliance and content-production governance. Conclusions: Copyright infringement in creative media industries stems not only from legal ignorance but also from rapid production pressures, trend culture, misconceptions about free assets, and unclear platform governance. Effective prevention requires operationalizing design ethics through standard operating procedures, licensing documentation, regular training, visual plagiarism evaluation frameworks, and platform transparency. The proposed framework provides a comprehensive approach to reducing infringement risks while sustaining originality and quality in creative work.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aliyah, Widya Oktary Setiawardhani, Zulfah Hasanah, Arief Sulistiyono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
E-Commerce Strategies and Customer Experience as Drivers of Purchase Intention: A Case Study of Maju Bersama Supermarket, Medan City
Purpose of the study: This study investigates the influence of e-commerce implementation and customer experience on purchase intention at Maju Bersama Supermarket in Medan City, Indonesia. The research aims to determine the extent to which these variables, both individually and collectively, affect consumer purchase intentions in a hybrid retail environment Materials and methods: A quantitative research approach was employed using accidental sampling technique. The study population consisted of 1,252 registered members of Maju Bersama Supermarket, with a sample size of 93 respondents calculated using the Slovin formula with a 10% margin of error. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS version 22. Validity and reliability tests were conducted, followed by classical assumption tests (normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity) before hypothesis testing. Results: The regression equation Y = 10.151 + 0.176X₁ + 0.395X₂ indicates that both e-commerce (X₁) and customer experience (X₂) positively influence purchase intention. Partial hypothesis testing revealed that e-commerce significantly affects purchase intention (t = 3.476 > t-table = 1.662, p = 0.001), as does customer experience (t = 4.432 > t-table = 1.662, p < 0.001). Simultaneous testing confirmed that both variables collectively influence purchase intention (F = 15.628 > F-table = 3.098, p < 0.001). The adjusted R² value of 0.241 (24.1%) suggests that these variables explain approximately one-quarter of the variance in purchase intention, with the remaining 75.9% attributable to other factors not examined in this study. Conclusions: E-commerce implementation and customer experience are significant predictors of purchase intention in the retail supermarket context. Customer experience demonstrates a stronger influence (β = 0.403) compared to e-commerce (β = 0.316), suggesting that while digital platforms facilitate commerce, the quality of customer interactions remains paramount. Retailers should prioritize both technological infrastructure development and experiential service quality to maximize purchase intentions. Future research should explore additional variables within the unexplained 75.9% variance, such as price perception, product quality, brand trust, and competitive positioning.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dina Antika Pohan, Dwi Fany Fransiska Dewi Butar-Butar, Siti Junaida Hasibuan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Impact of Loyalty and Work Discipline on Employee Productivity: Evidence from PT Rubber Hock Lie
Purpose of the study: This study investigates the influence of employee loyalty and work discipline on productivity at PT. Rubber Hock Lie Sunggal, an international rubber manufacturing company based in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Materials and methods: A quantitative approach employing saturated sampling was utilized with 50 employees comprising the total workforce. Data collection involved primary sources through structured questionnaires and secondary sources from company documentation. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to examine the relationships between variables, supplemented by classical assumption tests and hypothesis testing (t-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination). Results: The multiple linear regression equation Y = 5.448 + 0.038X₁ + 0.602X₂ + e demonstrated that both loyalty and work discipline exert positive and significant effects on employee productivity. Partial testing revealed that loyalty significantly influences productivity (tcalculated = 2.269 > ttable = 2.011; p < 0.05), while work discipline demonstrates a stronger effect (tcalculated = 4.185 > ttable = 2.011; p < 0.001). Simultaneous testing yielded Fcalculated = 39.071 > Ftable = 3.20 (p < 0.001), confirming the combined significant effect. The adjusted R² value of 0.608 indicates that 60.8% of productivity variance is explained by loyalty and work discipline, with 39.2% attributed to other factors. Conclusions: Employee loyalty and work discipline significantly enhance productivity in the rubber manufacturing sector. Work discipline demonstrates a more substantial impact compared to loyalty. Organizations should prioritize strengthening disciplinary systems and fostering employee commitment to optimize workforce productivity. These findings contribute to human resource management strategies in manufacturing industries, particularly in developing economies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Setia Hati Bawamenewi, Irwan Nopian Sinaga, Dwi Fany Fransiska Dewi Butar-Butar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Examining the Impact of Promotional Strategies and Digital Marketing on Student Enrollment Decisions in Tutoring Centers: A Case Study of Medan
Purpose of the study: This research investigates the influence of promotional strategies and digital marketing on students' decision-making processes when selecting tutoring services at Course Centre Medan, Indonesia. The study addresses the declining student enrollment attributed to ineffective promotional activities and limited digital marketing utilization. Materials and Methods: A quantitative research design was employed with 50 students as respondents using saturated sampling technique. Data were collected through structured questionnaires measuring promotion (8 items), digital marketing (10 items), and decision-making (8 items) using a 5-point Likert scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using SPSS version 22 to examine the relationships between variables. Results: The multiple linear regression analysis yielded the equation Y = 9.272 + 0.306X₁ + 0.352X₂ + e, indicating positive relationships. Partial testing revealed that promotion significantly influences student decision-making (t = 3.389 > 2.011, p = 0.001), as does digital marketing (t = 3.353 > 2.011, p = 0.002). Simultaneous testing demonstrated that both variables collectively impact decision-making (F = 12.309 > 3.19, p < 0.001). The coefficient of determination (R²) was 0.316, indicating that 31.6% of variance in student decision-making is explained by promotion and digital marketing. Conclusions: Both promotion and digital marketing significantly influence students' decisions in choosing tutoring services. Digital marketing demonstrates a slightly stronger effect (β = 0.397) compared to promotion (β = 0.402). Educational institutions should prioritize integrated marketing strategies combining traditional promotional methods with digital platforms to enhance student recruitment and enrollment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Megawaty, Dwi Fany Fransiska Dewi Butar Butar, Hafni Cholida Nasution (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Financial Ratio Analysis in Assessing Financial Performance at PT. Mustika Ratu, Tbk. Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2023
Purpose of the study: This study aims to evaluate the financial performance of PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk during the 2019–2023 period using profitability ratios, namely Net Profit Margin (NPM), Return on Assets (ROA), and Return on Equity (ROE), benchmarked against industry standards. Materials and methods: This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach using secondary data derived from the audited annual financial statements of PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk for the period 2019–2023. Data were collected through documentation techniques and analyzed using profitability ratio analysis. Industry benchmark standards were used as comparative references to assess company performance. Results: The findings indicate that the average Net Profit Margin (14%) remained below the industry standard (20%), reflecting suboptimal profitability. The average Return on Assets (31%) met the industry benchmark (30%), indicating effective asset utilization. Conversely, the average Return on Equity (138%) substantially exceeded the industry standard (40%), suggesting inefficiencies in equity structure and capital utilization. Conclusions: Overall, PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk demonstrated mixed financial performance during 2019–2023. Asset utilization was efficient, while profitability from sales and equity management showed structural weaknesses. These findings provide important insights for managerial decision-making and future financial strategy formulation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aswindah Dakhi, Laily Ramadhani, Rifqah Harahap (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Satisfaction and Trust as Predictors of Customer Loyalty: An Empirical Study in the Lighting Distribution Industry
Purpose of the study: In late 2024, PT. Cahaya Prima Lestari Abadi (Philips Lighting) experienced a noticeable decline in customer numbers. This downturn was attributed to several service-related issues, including employee performance that failed to meet customer expectations, resulting in dissatisfaction, as well as incidents of product damage during delivery, which undermined customer trust. These conditions collectively indicated weakening customer satisfaction and trust, ultimately affecting customer loyalty. This study aims to analyze the influence of customer satisfaction and customer trust on customer loyalty within PT. Cahaya Prima Lestari Abadi. Materials and methods: A quantitative research approach was employed. The study population consisted of 158 customers, and a sample of 61 respondents was selected through random sampling using the Slovin formula. Data were gathered through observations, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25 to examine the effects of customer satisfaction and customer trust on customer loyalty. Results: The findings revealed that customer satisfaction and customer trust both exert a positive and significant influence on customer loyalty. The resulting regression equation was Y = 6.104 + 0.446X₁ + 0.301X₂ + E. The t-test results showed that the satisfaction variable was significant (tcount = 3.506 > ttable = 2.001; p = 0.001), as was the trust variable (tcount = 2.984 > ttable = 2.001; p = 0.004). The F-test further confirmed a significant simultaneous effect (Fcount = 67.007 > Ftable = 3.16). The coefficient of determination (R² = 0.688) indicated that 68.8% of the variance in customer loyalty was explained by customer satisfaction and customer trust, while the remaining 31.2% was attributable to other factors not included in the model. Conclusions: The study concludes that both customer satisfaction and customer trust play crucial roles in shaping customer loyalty. Improving service quality and reducing delivery-related risks are essential strategies to strengthen loyalty and stabilize customer engagement. Future research should investigate additional determinants that may influence customer loyalty beyond satisfaction and trust.
Copyright (c) 2025 Juniaman Zalukhu, Rifqah Harahap, Hafni Cholida Nasution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Efforts of the Health Quarantine Center in Managing Port Environmental Pollution Supervision
Purpose of the study: Environmental pollution in domestic port areas poses increasing risks to public health and operational sustainability. As the designated authority for port environmental health, the Health Quarantine Office (BKK) is mandated to supervise, prevent, and control potential sources of pollution. Strengthening its supervision mechanisms is essential to ensure effective environmental health management. This study aims to analyze the monitoring efforts undertaken by the Health Quarantine Office Class I Tanjung Balai Karimun in controlling environmental pollution at domestic ports and to evaluate the effectiveness of its environmental monitoring activities. Materials and methods: A descriptive qualitative research design was employed. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with BKK officers and port management personnel, and documentation review. Data analysis included data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing to systematically describe the monitoring processes and outputs. Results: Findings indicate that BKK implements several monitoring activities, including water quality testing, ship waste management supervision, sanitation inspections of port facilities, and environmental awareness education for port users. Despite these efforts, several challenges persist, particularly limitations in human resources, laboratory infrastructure, and the consistency of monitoring schedules. Conclusions: The study highlights the essential role of BKK not only in safeguarding human health but also in mitigating environmental pollution within domestic ports. The results underscore the need for enhanced institutional capacity and integrated environmental monitoring policies to improve the effectiveness and sustainability of port environmental health management.
Copyright (c) 2025 Wulan Syafina, Nisha Desfi Arianti, Tri Mardalena https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of the Accounting Information System of Merchandise Inventory at PT. Bintang Toba Lestari
Purpose of the study: Companies must ensure accurate merchandise inventory management through effective accounting information systems and robust internal control procedures. However, PT Bintang Toba Lestari continues to experience inaccuracies due to non-compliance with standard operating procedures (SOPs), inadequate documentation practices, and excessive reliance on staff supervision, which can compromise operational efficiency and data integrity. This study aims to analyze the merchandise inventory accounting information system and evaluate the effectiveness of internal control mechanisms implemented at PT Bintang Toba Lestari. Materials and methods: This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach. Primary data were collected through structured interviews with the HRD department and several staff members involved in merchandise inventory activities. Additional insights were obtained through direct field observations and the examination of secondary data sourced from company documentation. Data analysis procedures included data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Results: Findings reveal that the company’s inventory recording and reporting procedures generally function effectively and align with the principles of accounting information systems. However, weaknesses were identified within the internal control structure, particularly the overlap of duties in the warehouse division, which increases the risk of errors and reduces control reliability. Furthermore, documentation practices and adherence to SOPs remain inconsistent during inventory implementation. Conclusions: While the merchandise inventory accounting information system at PT Bintang Toba Lestari is operational and largely appropriate, the internal control system requires improvement. Strengthening functional segregation, enhancing documentation procedures, and ensuring compliance with established SOPs are essential to improving inventory accuracy and internal control effectiveness.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jeki Nasution, Siswanto, Raymond Fransiscus (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Impact of Training, Education, and Physical Work Environment on Employee Productivity: Insights from the Public Works Office
Purpose: This study investigates the impact of job training, formal education, and physical work environment on employee productivity at the Public Works Office in Lubuk Pakam, Indonesia. The research addresses critical gaps in understanding how these human resource development factors synergistically influence organizational performance in public sector institutions. Materials and Methods: A quantitative research design was employed with a saturated sampling technique involving all 75 employees at the Public Works Office in Lubuk Pakam. Data were collected using validated questionnaires with Likert scale measurements. The instruments demonstrated high reliability (Cronbach's Alpha: 0.964 for training, 0.837 for education, 0.925 for physical work environment, and 0.972 for productivity). Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using SPSS version 27 to examine the relationships between independent variables (job training, education, physical work environment) and the dependent variable (employee productivity). Results: The regression analysis yielded the equation Y = -7.131 + 0.317X₁ + 0.505X₂ + 0.924X₃ + e. Partial t-tests revealed that job training (t = 4.262, p < 0.001), education (t = 2.831, p = 0.006), and physical work environment (t = 6.552, p < 0.001) all exerted positive and statistically significant effects on employee productivity. Simultaneous F-test (F = 216.388, p < 0.001) confirmed the collective significance of all predictors. The model explained 89.7% of variance in productivity (Adjusted R² = 0.897), indicating exceptionally strong predictive power. Conclusions: This study provides robust empirical evidence that holistic investment in employee training, educational advancement, and physical workspace optimization significantly enhances productivity in public sector organizations. The physical work environment emerged as the strongest predictor, followed by job training and education. These findings underscore the critical importance of integrated human resource development strategies for achieving optimal organizational performance in Indonesian public institutions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Helen Saputri Hulu, Irwan Nopian Sinaga, Rifqah Harahap (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Economic Feasibility and Risk Assessment of Patin Aquaculture Agribusiness in Kampar Regency, Riau, Indonesia
Purpose: This study evaluates the economic feasibility and assesses the financial risks associated with smallholder patin (Pangasius hypophthalmus) aquaculture in Kabupaten Kampar, Riau Province, Indonesia, to provide evidence-based recommendations for sustainable aquabusiness development. Materials and Methods: A descriptive-quantitative research design was employed with 60 smallholder patin farmers selected through purposive sampling. Data collection involved structured interviews, production record audits, financial document analysis, and direct pond observations. Economic feasibility was evaluated using Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period (PP) at a 10% discount rate. Risk assessment incorporated Coefficient of Variation (CV), sensitivity analysis, Monte Carlo simulation (10,000 iterations), and scenario analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26. Results: The average NPV was IDR 127,450,000 (USD 8,497), BCR was 1.34, IRR was 24.6%, and PP was 2.8 years, indicating economic viability. Risk analysis revealed a CV of 0.42, suggesting moderate income variability. Monte Carlo simulation showed a 73.4% probability of positive returns. Sensitivity analysis identified feed cost (elasticity coefficient: -0.68) and market price (elasticity coefficient: 0.82) as critical risk factors. Under pessimistic scenarios, 31.7% of farms showed negative NPV. Conclusions: Patin aquaculture demonstrates economic feasibility under current market conditions, but faces significant risks from feed cost fluctuations and price volatility. Risk mitigation strategies including feed cost management, market diversification, and insurance mechanisms are recommended for sustainable development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdul Rahman Cemda (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Integrating Price Sensitivity and Social Media Marketing to Predict Consumer Purchase Decisions in Tourism Packages
Purpose: This study investigates the impact of price sensitivity and social media marketing strategies on consumer purchase decisions for holiday packages in the Indonesian tourism sector, specifically examining PT Bangben Group Indonesia's operations. Materials and Methods: A quantitative research design was employed with a population of 417 holiday package consumers during 2024. Using Slovin's formula, 81 respondents were selected through random sampling. Data collection utilized structured questionnaires measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using SPSS version 22 to examine relationships between variables: price (X₁), social media marketing (X₂), and purchase decisions (Y). Validity testing employed Pearson correlation (r > 0.218), while reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha (α > 0.60). Results: The regression model Y = 6.888 + 0.764X₁ + 0.635X₂ + e demonstrated that both price and social media marketing significantly influence purchase decisions. Price showed positive significant effect (t = 3.616 > t-table 1.991, p = 0.001), as did social media marketing (t = 4.402 > t-table 1.991, p = 0.000). The simultaneous effect was confirmed (F = 52.730 > F-table 3.11, p = 0.000). The adjusted R² of 0.564 indicates that 56.4% of purchase decision variance is explained by these variables. Conclusions: Price sensitivity and social media marketing are critical determinants of consumer purchase decisions in tourism packages. The stronger influence of social media marketing (β = 0.452) compared to price (β = 0.371) suggests shifting consumer priorities in digital environments. Tourism operators should integrate competitive pricing strategies with robust social media presence to optimize conversion rates.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dini Nurzulia, Dwi Fany Fransiska Dewi Butar-Butar, Raymond Fransiskus (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Workload, Motivation, and Their Influence on Nurse Performance: Evidence from Setio Husodo Hospital
Purpose of the study: This study investigates the influence of motivation and workload on nurse performance at Setio Husodo Hospital, Kisaran, Indonesia. The research addresses the fluctuating performance trends observed over five years and explores how motivational factors and workload management contribute to nursing service quality. Materials and methods: A quantitative descriptive approach was employed with 39 nurses selected through saturated sampling. Data were collected using validated questionnaires measuring motivation (12 items, α=0.853), workload (8 items, α=0.831), and nurse performance (8 items, α=0.847). Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using SPSS version 22 to test hypotheses at a 5% significance level. Results: The regression model Y=1.282+0.286X₁+0.538X₂ demonstrated that both motivation (t=3.363, p=0.002) and workload (t=4.653, p=0.000) significantly influenced nurse performance. The simultaneous F-test (F=65.475, p=0.000) confirmed the combined effect of both variables. The adjusted R² of 0.772 indicates that 77.2% of performance variance is explained by motivation and workload, with workload showing stronger influence (β=0.548) than motivation (β=0.396). Conclusions: Motivation and workload are critical determinants of nurse performance in hospital settings. Healthcare administrators should implement balanced workload distribution strategies and robust motivational programs to optimize nursing service delivery and patient care quality.
Copyright (c) 2025 Juniati Bercita Gultom, Nurhasanah, Lapiti Sagala (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Modern Marketing Strategies to Build Customer Expectations on Wedding Organizer Services Enter Management Kudus
Purpose of the study: This study aims to analyze modern marketing strategies in building customer expectations for Enter Management Kudus wedding organizer services through the SWOT approach and the marketing mix framework (8P). Materials and methods: The research was conducted for one month at Enter Management Kudus, Purwosari, Central Java. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Triangulation by source, technique, and time was applied to ensure data validity. Data analysis used the interactive Miles and Huberman model consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Results: The findings show that Enter Management Kudus effectively implements key elements of modern marketing, including product diversification, flexible pricing, and digital promotion through social media. SWOT analysis positions the company in Quadrant I (aggressive strategy), highlighting strong internal capabilities and favorable external opportunities. Effective strategies include market expansion, service innovation aligned with current trends, and strengthening partnerships with local and national vendors. The company’s marketing approach integrates social media content, client testimonials, and creative collaborations, effectively shaping positive customer expectations and loyalty. Conclusions: Modern marketing strategies based on the 8P framework have strengthened Enter Management Kudus’s competitive position. The combination of service innovation, digital marketing, and customer relationship management successfully meets and exceeds client expectations. The results affirm that continuous innovation, consistent digital engagement, and quality enhancement are essential for sustaining customer satisfaction and brand growth in the wedding organizer industry.
Copyright (c) 2025 Moh Lukman Hakim, Ag.Sunarno handoyo, Sutono (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Influence of Site Visuals, Website Quality, and Perceived Product Benefits on Gen Z’s Purchase Decisions on TikTok
Purpose of the study: The rapid evolution of social media platforms has transformed digital commerce, with TikTok emerging as a prominent social commerce platform. TikTok's integration of entertainment and shopping features has attracted significant attention from businesses, particularly in reaching Generation Z consumers who represent the platform's largest user demographic. This research investigates the role of site visuals, site quality, and product benefits in shaping Gen Z purchasing decisions on TikTok, with shopping experience as a mediating variable. The study specifically examines Le Skin Aesthetic Wonosobo consumers' behavior on the TikTok platform. Materials and methods: A quantitative approach using survey methodology was employed to collect data from 140 Gen Z consumers (aged 15-28 years) who made purchases through TikTok Shop during March-May 2025. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS 24.0 software. The research model examined five constructs: Site Visuals (X1), Site Quality (X2), Product Benefits (X3), Shopping Experience (Y1), and Purchase Decision (Y2), measured using validated multi-item scales. Results: Site Visuals (β=0.312, p<0.01) and Site Quality (β=0.384, p<0.001) demonstrated significant positive effects on Shopping Experience, collectively explaining 51.4% of its variance. Product Benefits exhibited the strongest direct effect on Purchase Decision (β=0.421, p<0.001). However, Site Visuals, Site Quality, and Shopping Experience showed no significant direct effects on Purchase Decision. Shopping Experience failed to mediate the relationships between exogenous variables and Purchase Decision. The overall model demonstrated excellent fit indices and explained 61.6% of variance in Purchase Decision. Conclusions: Gen Z consumers' purchase decisions on TikTok are primarily driven by tangible product benefits rather than site aesthetics or experiential factors. While site characteristics successfully shape the shopping experience, they do not translate into actual purchase behavior, revealing a notable disconnect between engagement and conversion in the social commerce context for skincare products.
Copyright (c) 2025 Andriya Riana Justitia, Sutono, Ag. Sunarno Handoyo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Applying Participatory Appraisal of Competitive Advantage (PACA) to Enhance the Competitiveness of the Bakaran Batik Cluster, Pati, Indonesia
Purpose of the study: The batik industry in Indonesia plays a crucial role in preserving cultural heritage and contributing to the national economy. The Bakaran Batik Center in Pati, Central Java, is one of the prominent cultural and economic clusters with a strong local identity. However, increasing competition from modern textile products and new batik producers has challenged its competitiveness in both domestic and international markets. This study aims to analyze competitive advantage strategies using the Participatory Appraisal of Competitive Advantage (PACA) approach at the Bakaran Batik Center. The focus is on identifying internal strengths, market positioning, and collaborative strategies to enhance competitiveness. Materials and methods: The study applied a qualitative descriptive method, conducted at the Bakaran Batik Center, Pati. Data were collected through direct observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation involving artisans, cooperative leaders, government officials, and consumers. Data validity was ensured through triangulation of sources, techniques, and time. The data analysis process included reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing to identify the strategic patterns of PACA-based competitive advantage. Results: Findings reveal that Bakaran Batik Center faces strong competition from new entrants offering modern designs and digital marketing strategies. Nevertheless, it maintains competitiveness through authentic hand-drawn batik techniques, continuous motif innovation, product diversification, and cooperative-based business models. Strengthening partnerships with local government, implementing flexible pricing, maintaining product quality, and promoting consumer education have proven effective in building customer loyalty and sustaining long-term competitiveness. Conclusions: The PACA approach effectively enhances the Bakaran Batik Center’s competitiveness by integrating innovation, cultural authenticity, and collaboration. Participatory strategies involving artisans, cooperatives, and local authorities enable Bakaran Batik to preserve its traditional art while adapting to modern market demands, positioning it as a resilient and competitive creative industry.
Participatory Appraisal of Competitive Advantage (PACA)
Copyright (c) 2025 Joko Santoso, Mamik Indaryani, Ag.Sunarno Handoyo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Impact of Product Innovation, Restaurant Atmosphere, and Promotion Strategies on Sales Performance: Evidence from Song Fa Bak Kut Teh Restaurant, Medan
Purpose of the study: The intensifying competition in the restaurant industry necessitates comprehensive marketing strategies to enhance sales performance. This study investigates the influence of product innovation, restaurant atmosphere, and promotional strategies on sales volume. This research aims to examine the partial and simultaneous effects of product innovation, restaurant atmosphere, and promotion on sales volume at Song Fa Bak Kut Teh Restaurant in Medan, Indonesia. Materials and methods: A quantitative approach was employed using incidental sampling to select 100 respondents from a population of 28,207 customers. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS version 25. Validity, reliability, normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity tests were conducted to ensure data quality. Results: The regression analysis yielded the equation Y = 4.231 + 0.213X₁ + 0.354X₂ + 0.098X₃. Product innovation (t = 2.318, p = 0.023), restaurant atmosphere (t = 4.615, p < 0.001), and promotion (t = 4.655, p < 0.001) demonstrated significant positive effects on sales volume. The simultaneous F-test (F = 36.443, p < 0.001) confirmed the collective influence of all independent variables. The adjusted R² value of 0.518 indicates that 51.80% of sales volume variance is explained by these three variables. Conclusions: Product innovation, restaurant atmosphere, and promotional strategies significantly contribute to sales performance both individually and collectively. Restaurant atmosphere emerged as the strongest predictor, followed by promotion and product innovation. Management should prioritize integrated marketing strategies encompassing continuous product development, atmospheric enhancement, and diversified promotional activities to optimize sales performance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Meryanti Saragih, Rifqah Harahap, Evi Novalin Bako (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Work Discipline and Job Satisfaction as Determinants of Employee Performance: Evidence from the Department of Industry, Trade, Energy, and Mineral Resources in Medan
Introduction: Employee performance fluctuation remains a critical challenge in public sector organizations, particularly in developing countries where administrative effectiveness directly impacts regional economic development. Purpose of the study: This research investigates the influence of work discipline and job satisfaction on employee performance at the Department of Industry, Trade, Energy, and Mineral Resources in Medan, Indonesia. Materials and methods: A quantitative approach was employed using saturated sampling of 66 civil servants. Data were collected through validated questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The findings revealed that work discipline (t = 3.722, p < 0.05) and job satisfaction (t = 4.194, p < 0.05) significantly and positively influence employee performance. The regression model (Y = 9.102 + 0.261X₁ + 0.281X₂) demonstrated statistical significance (F = 20.237, p < 0.001), with both independent variables explaining 37.2% of the variance in employee performance. Conclusions: Work discipline and job satisfaction are critical determinants of employee performance in public sector organizations. Management should prioritize strengthening disciplinary mechanisms and enhancing job satisfaction to optimize organizational effectiveness.
Copyright (c) 2025 Debora Marina Rutina Nainggolan, Maduma Sari Sagala, Evi Novalin Bako (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0