Global Insights in Management and Economic Research
Global Insights in Management and Economic Research is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access journal that provides a platform for the dissemination of cutting-edge research in the fields of management, business strategy, economics, and global economic policy. The journal aims to bridge theoretical frameworks with practical insights, offering a global perspective on contemporary challenges and opportunities in both public and private sectors. GIMER welcomes original research articles, conceptual papers, case studies, and critical reviews that address a wide range of topics, including but not limited to: Strategic management and organizational behavior; International business and trade; Economic development and policy; Innovation and entrepreneurship; Sustainable and responsible management; Digital transformation in business and economics; Emerging market dynamics; Public sector management and governance. Journal title Global Insights in Management and Economic Research Cover Subject Economic Development and Growth; Management and Organizational Behavior; International Business and Trad; Public Policy and Economic Regulation; Finance and Investment; Digital Transformation and Innovation; Public Sector Management and Governance; Accounting Abbreviation Glob. Insights Manag. Econ. Res. Publisher INSPIRETECH GLOBAL INSIGHT Language English (Prefered); Indonesia. Frequency 4 issues per year: Feb 27 | May 27 | August 27 | Nov 27. DOI Prefix 10.53905/gimer by Crossref Online ISSN 3090-8116 Chief Editor Dr. Syamsurijal Hasan, MM Citation Analysis Google Scholar | Dimension | OpenAlex | Scilit MDPI Indexing CROSSREF | GARUDA | Google Scholar More indexing.. The journal is committed to fostering academic dialogue across disciplines and regions. By encouraging submissions from scholars, practitioners, and policymakers worldwide, GIMER contributes to advancing knowledge and practice in management and economic research.
Occupational Safety, Health, and Environmental (HSE/K3L) Risk Assessment of Ship Agency Personnel During Vessel Clearance Operations at PT Pelindo Marine Service
Purpose of the study: This research aims to comprehensively evaluate K3L risks encountered by ship agency officers at PT Pelindo Marine Service during the ship clearance process and to assess the effectiveness of existing risk control measures. Materials and methods: A qualitative descriptive case study approach was employed, utilizing the Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control (HIRARC) method. Data were collected through direct field observations, in-depth interviews with 10 respondents (ship agency officers, operational supervisors, and HSE officers), structured questionnaires, and analysis of company documents. Risk assessment was conducted using a Risk Assessment Matrix considering likelihood, severity, and risk rating parameters. Data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman model involving data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Results: The study identified five main activity categories with varying risk levels. The highest risk was found in boarding and disembarking activities via pilot ladder (high risk: moderate probability × severe impact), particularly during adverse weather and nighttime operations. Moderate risks were identified for exposure to engine exhaust fumes, work fatigue, and stress from inter-agency coordination. While PT Pelindo Marine Service has implemented various control measures including mandatory Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), toolbox meetings, periodic K3L training, and direct supervision, gaps in individual compliance and limited oversight during peak operational hours remain significant challenges. Conclusions: The HIRARC-based evaluation revealed that although existing control measures are partially effective, systematic improvements are necessary, particularly for high-risk activities. Strengthening safety protocols, enhancing staff compliance monitoring, implementing digital safety technologies, and fostering a robust safety culture are essential for minimizing occupational accidents and ensuring sustainable maritime operations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Muzakky, Nisha Desfi Arianti, Tri Mardalena https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Strengthening Copyright Protection Through Ethical Design Practices in the Creative Industry
Purpose of the study: This study examines the role of design ethics as a preventive mechanism to reduce copyright infringement in creative media industries, while mapping common infringement patterns and relevant mitigation strategies in the digital transformation era. Materials and methods: Using a qualitative-descriptive approach, this study conducted a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed publications from 2021-2025, supplemented by conceptual-normative analysis of the relationship between professional ethics, platform governance, and content production behavior. Data sources included academic databases (Scopus, Web of Science), institutional reports (UNESCO, WIPO), and legal studies on intellectual property rights. Results: Findings indicate that design ethics operates at three interconnected levels: (1) individual level—encompassing creative integrity, licensing literacy, and attribution practices; (2) organizational level—comprising asset-use standard operating procedures, copyright audits, and compliance culture; and (3) ecosystem level—involving ethics education, platform transparency, and policies protecting creators. The study proposes an "Ethics-Compliance-Rights" framework that integrates design ethics principles with moral and economic rights compliance and content-production governance. Conclusions: Copyright infringement in creative media industries stems not only from legal ignorance but also from rapid production pressures, trend culture, misconceptions about free assets, and unclear platform governance. Effective prevention requires operationalizing design ethics through standard operating procedures, licensing documentation, regular training, visual plagiarism evaluation frameworks, and platform transparency. The proposed framework provides a comprehensive approach to reducing infringement risks while sustaining originality and quality in creative work.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aliyah, Widya Oktary Setiawardhani, Zulfah Hasanah, Arief Sulistiyono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
E-Commerce Strategies and Customer Experience as Drivers of Purchase Intention: A Case Study of Maju Bersama Supermarket, Medan City
Purpose of the study: This study investigates the influence of e-commerce implementation and customer experience on purchase intention at Maju Bersama Supermarket in Medan City, Indonesia. The research aims to determine the extent to which these variables, both individually and collectively, affect consumer purchase intentions in a hybrid retail environment Materials and methods: A quantitative research approach was employed using accidental sampling technique. The study population consisted of 1,252 registered members of Maju Bersama Supermarket, with a sample size of 93 respondents calculated using the Slovin formula with a 10% margin of error. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS version 22. Validity and reliability tests were conducted, followed by classical assumption tests (normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity) before hypothesis testing. Results: The regression equation Y = 10.151 + 0.176X₁ + 0.395X₂ indicates that both e-commerce (X₁) and customer experience (X₂) positively influence purchase intention. Partial hypothesis testing revealed that e-commerce significantly affects purchase intention (t = 3.476 > t-table = 1.662, p = 0.001), as does customer experience (t = 4.432 > t-table = 1.662, p < 0.001). Simultaneous testing confirmed that both variables collectively influence purchase intention (F = 15.628 > F-table = 3.098, p < 0.001). The adjusted R² value of 0.241 (24.1%) suggests that these variables explain approximately one-quarter of the variance in purchase intention, with the remaining 75.9% attributable to other factors not examined in this study. Conclusions: E-commerce implementation and customer experience are significant predictors of purchase intention in the retail supermarket context. Customer experience demonstrates a stronger influence (β = 0.403) compared to e-commerce (β = 0.316), suggesting that while digital platforms facilitate commerce, the quality of customer interactions remains paramount. Retailers should prioritize both technological infrastructure development and experiential service quality to maximize purchase intentions. Future research should explore additional variables within the unexplained 75.9% variance, such as price perception, product quality, brand trust, and competitive positioning.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dina Antika Pohan, Dwi Fany Fransiska Dewi Butar-Butar, Siti Junaida Hasibuan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Impact of Loyalty and Work Discipline on Employee Productivity: Evidence from PT Rubber Hock Lie
Purpose of the study: This study investigates the influence of employee loyalty and work discipline on productivity at PT. Rubber Hock Lie Sunggal, an international rubber manufacturing company based in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Materials and methods: A quantitative approach employing saturated sampling was utilized with 50 employees comprising the total workforce. Data collection involved primary sources through structured questionnaires and secondary sources from company documentation. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to examine the relationships between variables, supplemented by classical assumption tests and hypothesis testing (t-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination). Results: The multiple linear regression equation Y = 5.448 + 0.038X₁ + 0.602X₂ + e demonstrated that both loyalty and work discipline exert positive and significant effects on employee productivity. Partial testing revealed that loyalty significantly influences productivity (tcalculated = 2.269 > ttable = 2.011; p < 0.05), while work discipline demonstrates a stronger effect (tcalculated = 4.185 > ttable = 2.011; p < 0.001). Simultaneous testing yielded Fcalculated = 39.071 > Ftable = 3.20 (p < 0.001), confirming the combined significant effect. The adjusted R² value of 0.608 indicates that 60.8% of productivity variance is explained by loyalty and work discipline, with 39.2% attributed to other factors. Conclusions: Employee loyalty and work discipline significantly enhance productivity in the rubber manufacturing sector. Work discipline demonstrates a more substantial impact compared to loyalty. Organizations should prioritize strengthening disciplinary systems and fostering employee commitment to optimize workforce productivity. These findings contribute to human resource management strategies in manufacturing industries, particularly in developing economies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Setia Hati Bawamenewi, Irwan Nopian Sinaga, Dwi Fany Fransiska Dewi Butar-Butar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Examining the Impact of Promotional Strategies and Digital Marketing on Student Enrollment Decisions in Tutoring Centers: A Case Study of Medan
Purpose of the study: This research investigates the influence of promotional strategies and digital marketing on students' decision-making processes when selecting tutoring services at Course Centre Medan, Indonesia. The study addresses the declining student enrollment attributed to ineffective promotional activities and limited digital marketing utilization. Materials and Methods: A quantitative research design was employed with 50 students as respondents using saturated sampling technique. Data were collected through structured questionnaires measuring promotion (8 items), digital marketing (10 items), and decision-making (8 items) using a 5-point Likert scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using SPSS version 22 to examine the relationships between variables. Results: The multiple linear regression analysis yielded the equation Y = 9.272 + 0.306X₁ + 0.352X₂ + e, indicating positive relationships. Partial testing revealed that promotion significantly influences student decision-making (t = 3.389 > 2.011, p = 0.001), as does digital marketing (t = 3.353 > 2.011, p = 0.002). Simultaneous testing demonstrated that both variables collectively impact decision-making (F = 12.309 > 3.19, p < 0.001). The coefficient of determination (R²) was 0.316, indicating that 31.6% of variance in student decision-making is explained by promotion and digital marketing. Conclusions: Both promotion and digital marketing significantly influence students' decisions in choosing tutoring services. Digital marketing demonstrates a slightly stronger effect (β = 0.397) compared to promotion (β = 0.402). Educational institutions should prioritize integrated marketing strategies combining traditional promotional methods with digital platforms to enhance student recruitment and enrollment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Megawaty, Dwi Fany Fransiska Dewi Butar Butar, Hafni Cholida Nasution (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Financial Ratio Analysis in Assessing Financial Performance at PT. Mustika Ratu, Tbk. Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2023
Purpose of the study: This study aims to evaluate the financial performance of PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk during the 2019–2023 period using profitability ratios, namely Net Profit Margin (NPM), Return on Assets (ROA), and Return on Equity (ROE), benchmarked against industry standards. Materials and methods: This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach using secondary data derived from the audited annual financial statements of PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk for the period 2019–2023. Data were collected through documentation techniques and analyzed using profitability ratio analysis. Industry benchmark standards were used as comparative references to assess company performance. Results: The findings indicate that the average Net Profit Margin (14%) remained below the industry standard (20%), reflecting suboptimal profitability. The average Return on Assets (31%) met the industry benchmark (30%), indicating effective asset utilization. Conversely, the average Return on Equity (138%) substantially exceeded the industry standard (40%), suggesting inefficiencies in equity structure and capital utilization. Conclusions: Overall, PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk demonstrated mixed financial performance during 2019–2023. Asset utilization was efficient, while profitability from sales and equity management showed structural weaknesses. These findings provide important insights for managerial decision-making and future financial strategy formulation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aswindah Dakhi, Laily Ramadhani, Rifqah Harahap (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Satisfaction and Trust as Predictors of Customer Loyalty: An Empirical Study in the Lighting Distribution Industry
Purpose of the study: In late 2024, PT. Cahaya Prima Lestari Abadi (Philips Lighting) experienced a noticeable decline in customer numbers. This downturn was attributed to several service-related issues, including employee performance that failed to meet customer expectations, resulting in dissatisfaction, as well as incidents of product damage during delivery, which undermined customer trust. These conditions collectively indicated weakening customer satisfaction and trust, ultimately affecting customer loyalty. This study aims to analyze the influence of customer satisfaction and customer trust on customer loyalty within PT. Cahaya Prima Lestari Abadi. Materials and methods: A quantitative research approach was employed. The study population consisted of 158 customers, and a sample of 61 respondents was selected through random sampling using the Slovin formula. Data were gathered through observations, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25 to examine the effects of customer satisfaction and customer trust on customer loyalty. Results: The findings revealed that customer satisfaction and customer trust both exert a positive and significant influence on customer loyalty. The resulting regression equation was Y = 6.104 + 0.446X₁ + 0.301X₂ + E. The t-test results showed that the satisfaction variable was significant (tcount = 3.506 > ttable = 2.001; p = 0.001), as was the trust variable (tcount = 2.984 > ttable = 2.001; p = 0.004). The F-test further confirmed a significant simultaneous effect (Fcount = 67.007 > Ftable = 3.16). The coefficient of determination (R² = 0.688) indicated that 68.8% of the variance in customer loyalty was explained by customer satisfaction and customer trust, while the remaining 31.2% was attributable to other factors not included in the model. Conclusions: The study concludes that both customer satisfaction and customer trust play crucial roles in shaping customer loyalty. Improving service quality and reducing delivery-related risks are essential strategies to strengthen loyalty and stabilize customer engagement. Future research should investigate additional determinants that may influence customer loyalty beyond satisfaction and trust.
Copyright (c) 2025 Juniaman Zalukhu, Rifqah Harahap, Hafni Cholida Nasution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Efforts of the Health Quarantine Center in Managing Port Environmental Pollution Supervision
Purpose of the study: Environmental pollution in domestic port areas poses increasing risks to public health and operational sustainability. As the designated authority for port environmental health, the Health Quarantine Office (BKK) is mandated to supervise, prevent, and control potential sources of pollution. Strengthening its supervision mechanisms is essential to ensure effective environmental health management. This study aims to analyze the monitoring efforts undertaken by the Health Quarantine Office Class I Tanjung Balai Karimun in controlling environmental pollution at domestic ports and to evaluate the effectiveness of its environmental monitoring activities. Materials and methods: A descriptive qualitative research design was employed. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with BKK officers and port management personnel, and documentation review. Data analysis included data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing to systematically describe the monitoring processes and outputs. Results: Findings indicate that BKK implements several monitoring activities, including water quality testing, ship waste management supervision, sanitation inspections of port facilities, and environmental awareness education for port users. Despite these efforts, several challenges persist, particularly limitations in human resources, laboratory infrastructure, and the consistency of monitoring schedules. Conclusions: The study highlights the essential role of BKK not only in safeguarding human health but also in mitigating environmental pollution within domestic ports. The results underscore the need for enhanced institutional capacity and integrated environmental monitoring policies to improve the effectiveness and sustainability of port environmental health management.
Copyright (c) 2025 Wulan Syafina, Nisha Desfi Arianti, Tri Mardalena https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of the Accounting Information System of Merchandise Inventory at PT. Bintang Toba Lestari
Purpose of the study: Companies must ensure accurate merchandise inventory management through effective accounting information systems and robust internal control procedures. However, PT Bintang Toba Lestari continues to experience inaccuracies due to non-compliance with standard operating procedures (SOPs), inadequate documentation practices, and excessive reliance on staff supervision, which can compromise operational efficiency and data integrity. This study aims to analyze the merchandise inventory accounting information system and evaluate the effectiveness of internal control mechanisms implemented at PT Bintang Toba Lestari. Materials and methods: This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach. Primary data were collected through structured interviews with the HRD department and several staff members involved in merchandise inventory activities. Additional insights were obtained through direct field observations and the examination of secondary data sourced from company documentation. Data analysis procedures included data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Results: Findings reveal that the company’s inventory recording and reporting procedures generally function effectively and align with the principles of accounting information systems. However, weaknesses were identified within the internal control structure, particularly the overlap of duties in the warehouse division, which increases the risk of errors and reduces control reliability. Furthermore, documentation practices and adherence to SOPs remain inconsistent during inventory implementation. Conclusions: While the merchandise inventory accounting information system at PT Bintang Toba Lestari is operational and largely appropriate, the internal control system requires improvement. Strengthening functional segregation, enhancing documentation procedures, and ensuring compliance with established SOPs are essential to improving inventory accuracy and internal control effectiveness.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jeki Nasution, Siswanto, Raymond Fransiscus (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Impact of Training, Education, and Physical Work Environment on Employee Productivity: Insights from the Public Works Office
Purpose: This study investigates the impact of job training, formal education, and physical work environment on employee productivity at the Public Works Office in Lubuk Pakam, Indonesia. The research addresses critical gaps in understanding how these human resource development factors synergistically influence organizational performance in public sector institutions. Materials and Methods: A quantitative research design was employed with a saturated sampling technique involving all 75 employees at the Public Works Office in Lubuk Pakam. Data were collected using validated questionnaires with Likert scale measurements. The instruments demonstrated high reliability (Cronbach's Alpha: 0.964 for training, 0.837 for education, 0.925 for physical work environment, and 0.972 for productivity). Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using SPSS version 27 to examine the relationships between independent variables (job training, education, physical work environment) and the dependent variable (employee productivity). Results: The regression analysis yielded the equation Y = -7.131 + 0.317X₁ + 0.505X₂ + 0.924X₃ + e. Partial t-tests revealed that job training (t = 4.262, p < 0.001), education (t = 2.831, p = 0.006), and physical work environment (t = 6.552, p < 0.001) all exerted positive and statistically significant effects on employee productivity. Simultaneous F-test (F = 216.388, p < 0.001) confirmed the collective significance of all predictors. The model explained 89.7% of variance in productivity (Adjusted R² = 0.897), indicating exceptionally strong predictive power. Conclusions: This study provides robust empirical evidence that holistic investment in employee training, educational advancement, and physical workspace optimization significantly enhances productivity in public sector organizations. The physical work environment emerged as the strongest predictor, followed by job training and education. These findings underscore the critical importance of integrated human resource development strategies for achieving optimal organizational performance in Indonesian public institutions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Helen Saputri Hulu, Irwan Nopian Sinaga, Rifqah Harahap (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Economic Feasibility and Risk Assessment of Patin Aquaculture Agribusiness in Kampar Regency, Riau, Indonesia
Purpose: This study evaluates the economic feasibility and assesses the financial risks associated with smallholder patin (Pangasius hypophthalmus) aquaculture in Kabupaten Kampar, Riau Province, Indonesia, to provide evidence-based recommendations for sustainable aquabusiness development. Materials and Methods: A descriptive-quantitative research design was employed with 60 smallholder patin farmers selected through purposive sampling. Data collection involved structured interviews, production record audits, financial document analysis, and direct pond observations. Economic feasibility was evaluated using Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period (PP) at a 10% discount rate. Risk assessment incorporated Coefficient of Variation (CV), sensitivity analysis, Monte Carlo simulation (10,000 iterations), and scenario analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26. Results: The average NPV was IDR 127,450,000 (USD 8,497), BCR was 1.34, IRR was 24.6%, and PP was 2.8 years, indicating economic viability. Risk analysis revealed a CV of 0.42, suggesting moderate income variability. Monte Carlo simulation showed a 73.4% probability of positive returns. Sensitivity analysis identified feed cost (elasticity coefficient: -0.68) and market price (elasticity coefficient: 0.82) as critical risk factors. Under pessimistic scenarios, 31.7% of farms showed negative NPV. Conclusions: Patin aquaculture demonstrates economic feasibility under current market conditions, but faces significant risks from feed cost fluctuations and price volatility. Risk mitigation strategies including feed cost management, market diversification, and insurance mechanisms are recommended for sustainable development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdul Rahman Cemda (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Integrating Price Sensitivity and Social Media Marketing to Predict Consumer Purchase Decisions in Tourism Packages
Purpose: This study investigates the impact of price sensitivity and social media marketing strategies on consumer purchase decisions for holiday packages in the Indonesian tourism sector, specifically examining PT Bangben Group Indonesia's operations. Materials and Methods: A quantitative research design was employed with a population of 417 holiday package consumers during 2024. Using Slovin's formula, 81 respondents were selected through random sampling. Data collection utilized structured questionnaires measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using SPSS version 22 to examine relationships between variables: price (X₁), social media marketing (X₂), and purchase decisions (Y). Validity testing employed Pearson correlation (r > 0.218), while reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha (α > 0.60). Results: The regression model Y = 6.888 + 0.764X₁ + 0.635X₂ + e demonstrated that both price and social media marketing significantly influence purchase decisions. Price showed positive significant effect (t = 3.616 > t-table 1.991, p = 0.001), as did social media marketing (t = 4.402 > t-table 1.991, p = 0.000). The simultaneous effect was confirmed (F = 52.730 > F-table 3.11, p = 0.000). The adjusted R² of 0.564 indicates that 56.4% of purchase decision variance is explained by these variables. Conclusions: Price sensitivity and social media marketing are critical determinants of consumer purchase decisions in tourism packages. The stronger influence of social media marketing (β = 0.452) compared to price (β = 0.371) suggests shifting consumer priorities in digital environments. Tourism operators should integrate competitive pricing strategies with robust social media presence to optimize conversion rates.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dini Nurzulia, Dwi Fany Fransiska Dewi Butar-Butar, Raymond Fransiskus (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Workload, Motivation, and Their Influence on Nurse Performance: Evidence from Setio Husodo Hospital
Purpose of the study: This study investigates the influence of motivation and workload on nurse performance at Setio Husodo Hospital, Kisaran, Indonesia. The research addresses the fluctuating performance trends observed over five years and explores how motivational factors and workload management contribute to nursing service quality. Materials and methods: A quantitative descriptive approach was employed with 39 nurses selected through saturated sampling. Data were collected using validated questionnaires measuring motivation (12 items, α=0.853), workload (8 items, α=0.831), and nurse performance (8 items, α=0.847). Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using SPSS version 22 to test hypotheses at a 5% significance level. Results: The regression model Y=1.282+0.286X₁+0.538X₂ demonstrated that both motivation (t=3.363, p=0.002) and workload (t=4.653, p=0.000) significantly influenced nurse performance. The simultaneous F-test (F=65.475, p=0.000) confirmed the combined effect of both variables. The adjusted R² of 0.772 indicates that 77.2% of performance variance is explained by motivation and workload, with workload showing stronger influence (β=0.548) than motivation (β=0.396). Conclusions: Motivation and workload are critical determinants of nurse performance in hospital settings. Healthcare administrators should implement balanced workload distribution strategies and robust motivational programs to optimize nursing service delivery and patient care quality.
Copyright (c) 2025 Juniati Bercita Gultom, Nurhasanah, Lapiti Sagala (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Modern Marketing Strategies to Build Customer Expectations on Wedding Organizer Services Enter Management Kudus
Purpose of the study: This study aims to analyze modern marketing strategies in building customer expectations for Enter Management Kudus wedding organizer services through the SWOT approach and the marketing mix framework (8P). Materials and methods: The research was conducted for one month at Enter Management Kudus, Purwosari, Central Java. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Triangulation by source, technique, and time was applied to ensure data validity. Data analysis used the interactive Miles and Huberman model consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Results: The findings show that Enter Management Kudus effectively implements key elements of modern marketing, including product diversification, flexible pricing, and digital promotion through social media. SWOT analysis positions the company in Quadrant I (aggressive strategy), highlighting strong internal capabilities and favorable external opportunities. Effective strategies include market expansion, service innovation aligned with current trends, and strengthening partnerships with local and national vendors. The company’s marketing approach integrates social media content, client testimonials, and creative collaborations, effectively shaping positive customer expectations and loyalty. Conclusions: Modern marketing strategies based on the 8P framework have strengthened Enter Management Kudus’s competitive position. The combination of service innovation, digital marketing, and customer relationship management successfully meets and exceeds client expectations. The results affirm that continuous innovation, consistent digital engagement, and quality enhancement are essential for sustaining customer satisfaction and brand growth in the wedding organizer industry.
Copyright (c) 2025 Moh Lukman Hakim, Ag.Sunarno handoyo, Sutono (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Influence of Site Visuals, Website Quality, and Perceived Product Benefits on Gen Z’s Purchase Decisions on TikTok
Purpose of the study: The rapid evolution of social media platforms has transformed digital commerce, with TikTok emerging as a prominent social commerce platform. TikTok's integration of entertainment and shopping features has attracted significant attention from businesses, particularly in reaching Generation Z consumers who represent the platform's largest user demographic. This research investigates the role of site visuals, site quality, and product benefits in shaping Gen Z purchasing decisions on TikTok, with shopping experience as a mediating variable. The study specifically examines Le Skin Aesthetic Wonosobo consumers' behavior on the TikTok platform. Materials and methods: A quantitative approach using survey methodology was employed to collect data from 140 Gen Z consumers (aged 15-28 years) who made purchases through TikTok Shop during March-May 2025. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS 24.0 software. The research model examined five constructs: Site Visuals (X1), Site Quality (X2), Product Benefits (X3), Shopping Experience (Y1), and Purchase Decision (Y2), measured using validated multi-item scales. Results: Site Visuals (β=0.312, p<0.01) and Site Quality (β=0.384, p<0.001) demonstrated significant positive effects on Shopping Experience, collectively explaining 51.4% of its variance. Product Benefits exhibited the strongest direct effect on Purchase Decision (β=0.421, p<0.001). However, Site Visuals, Site Quality, and Shopping Experience showed no significant direct effects on Purchase Decision. Shopping Experience failed to mediate the relationships between exogenous variables and Purchase Decision. The overall model demonstrated excellent fit indices and explained 61.6% of variance in Purchase Decision. Conclusions: Gen Z consumers' purchase decisions on TikTok are primarily driven by tangible product benefits rather than site aesthetics or experiential factors. While site characteristics successfully shape the shopping experience, they do not translate into actual purchase behavior, revealing a notable disconnect between engagement and conversion in the social commerce context for skincare products.
Copyright (c) 2025 Andriya Riana Justitia, Sutono, Ag. Sunarno Handoyo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Applying Participatory Appraisal of Competitive Advantage (PACA) to Enhance the Competitiveness of the Bakaran Batik Cluster, Pati, Indonesia
Purpose of the study: The batik industry in Indonesia plays a crucial role in preserving cultural heritage and contributing to the national economy. The Bakaran Batik Center in Pati, Central Java, is one of the prominent cultural and economic clusters with a strong local identity. However, increasing competition from modern textile products and new batik producers has challenged its competitiveness in both domestic and international markets. This study aims to analyze competitive advantage strategies using the Participatory Appraisal of Competitive Advantage (PACA) approach at the Bakaran Batik Center. The focus is on identifying internal strengths, market positioning, and collaborative strategies to enhance competitiveness. Materials and methods: The study applied a qualitative descriptive method, conducted at the Bakaran Batik Center, Pati. Data were collected through direct observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation involving artisans, cooperative leaders, government officials, and consumers. Data validity was ensured through triangulation of sources, techniques, and time. The data analysis process included reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing to identify the strategic patterns of PACA-based competitive advantage. Results: Findings reveal that Bakaran Batik Center faces strong competition from new entrants offering modern designs and digital marketing strategies. Nevertheless, it maintains competitiveness through authentic hand-drawn batik techniques, continuous motif innovation, product diversification, and cooperative-based business models. Strengthening partnerships with local government, implementing flexible pricing, maintaining product quality, and promoting consumer education have proven effective in building customer loyalty and sustaining long-term competitiveness. Conclusions: The PACA approach effectively enhances the Bakaran Batik Center’s competitiveness by integrating innovation, cultural authenticity, and collaboration. Participatory strategies involving artisans, cooperatives, and local authorities enable Bakaran Batik to preserve its traditional art while adapting to modern market demands, positioning it as a resilient and competitive creative industry.
Participatory Appraisal of Competitive Advantage (PACA)
Copyright (c) 2025 Joko Santoso, Mamik Indaryani, Ag.Sunarno Handoyo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Impact of Product Innovation, Restaurant Atmosphere, and Promotion Strategies on Sales Performance: Evidence from Song Fa Bak Kut Teh Restaurant, Medan
Purpose of the study: The intensifying competition in the restaurant industry necessitates comprehensive marketing strategies to enhance sales performance. This study investigates the influence of product innovation, restaurant atmosphere, and promotional strategies on sales volume. This research aims to examine the partial and simultaneous effects of product innovation, restaurant atmosphere, and promotion on sales volume at Song Fa Bak Kut Teh Restaurant in Medan, Indonesia. Materials and methods: A quantitative approach was employed using incidental sampling to select 100 respondents from a population of 28,207 customers. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS version 25. Validity, reliability, normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity tests were conducted to ensure data quality. Results: The regression analysis yielded the equation Y = 4.231 + 0.213X₁ + 0.354X₂ + 0.098X₃. Product innovation (t = 2.318, p = 0.023), restaurant atmosphere (t = 4.615, p < 0.001), and promotion (t = 4.655, p < 0.001) demonstrated significant positive effects on sales volume. The simultaneous F-test (F = 36.443, p < 0.001) confirmed the collective influence of all independent variables. The adjusted R² value of 0.518 indicates that 51.80% of sales volume variance is explained by these three variables. Conclusions: Product innovation, restaurant atmosphere, and promotional strategies significantly contribute to sales performance both individually and collectively. Restaurant atmosphere emerged as the strongest predictor, followed by promotion and product innovation. Management should prioritize integrated marketing strategies encompassing continuous product development, atmospheric enhancement, and diversified promotional activities to optimize sales performance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Meryanti Saragih, Rifqah Harahap, Evi Novalin Bako (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Work Discipline and Job Satisfaction as Determinants of Employee Performance: Evidence from the Department of Industry, Trade, Energy, and Mineral Resources in Medan
Introduction: Employee performance fluctuation remains a critical challenge in public sector organizations, particularly in developing countries where administrative effectiveness directly impacts regional economic development. Purpose of the study: This research investigates the influence of work discipline and job satisfaction on employee performance at the Department of Industry, Trade, Energy, and Mineral Resources in Medan, Indonesia. Materials and methods: A quantitative approach was employed using saturated sampling of 66 civil servants. Data were collected through validated questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The findings revealed that work discipline (t = 3.722, p < 0.05) and job satisfaction (t = 4.194, p < 0.05) significantly and positively influence employee performance. The regression model (Y = 9.102 + 0.261X₁ + 0.281X₂) demonstrated statistical significance (F = 20.237, p < 0.001), with both independent variables explaining 37.2% of the variance in employee performance. Conclusions: Work discipline and job satisfaction are critical determinants of employee performance in public sector organizations. Management should prioritize strengthening disciplinary mechanisms and enhancing job satisfaction to optimize organizational effectiveness.
Copyright (c) 2025 Debora Marina Rutina Nainggolan, Maduma Sari Sagala, Evi Novalin Bako (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Impact of Liquidity Ratio and Solvency Ratio on the Profitability Ratio in PT. Indofood Sukses Makmur
Introduction: Financial performance is a critical indicator of corporate health and operational efficiency. PT. Indofood Sukses Makmur, Tbk., as one of Indonesia's leading food processing companies, has exhibited fluctuations in its financial ratios during 2019-2023, necessitating an empirical investigation into the relationships between liquidity, solvency, and profitability metrics. Purpose of the Study: This research aims to examine the impact of liquidity ratio (Current Ratio) and solvency ratio (Debt to Asset Ratio) on profitability ratio (Return on Assets) at PT. Indofood Sukses Makmur, Tbk. during the period 2019-2023, both partially and simultaneously. Materials and Methods: This quantitative study employed secondary data from audited financial statements obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using SPSS version 23, with classical assumption tests including normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity tests. The sample consisted of annual financial data over five consecutive years (2019-2023). Results: The partial test (t-test) revealed that Current Ratio significantly and positively influences ROA (t-value = 3.409 > t-table = 2.353, p = 0.032). Similarly, Debt to Asset Ratio demonstrates a significant positive effect on ROA (t-value = 3.578 > t-table = 2.353, p = 0.042). The simultaneous test (F-test) confirmed that both ratios collectively impact ROA (F-value = 4.223 > F-table = 19.30, p = 0.217). The adjusted R² value of 0.635 indicates that 63.5% of ROA variance is explained by the independent variables. Conclusions: Both liquidity and solvency ratios significantly influence profitability at PT. Indofood Sukses Makmur, Tbk. Enhanced liquidity management and optimal capital structure contribute positively to asset utilization efficiency and profit generation. These findings provide empirical evidence for financial decision-making and strategic planning in the food manufacturing sector.
Copyright (c) 2025 Trisnawati Manik, Laily Ramadhani, Lapiti Gokmatua Sagala (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Influence of Workload and Work Discipline on Employee Performance at The Regional Library Office of North Sumatra Province
Introduction: Employee performance in public service institutions remains a critical concern, particularly regarding factors such as workload and work discipline. This study examined the influence of workload and work discipline on employee performance at the Regional Library Office of North Sumatra Province. Purpose of the study: This research aimed to determine the extent to which workload and work discipline influence employee performance, both partially and simultaneously. Materials and methods: A quantitative approach was employed with saturated sampling involving 68 employees. Data were collected through validated questionnaires using a Likert scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using SPSS version 22 to test the hypotheses. Results: The regression equation Y = 4.307 + 0.364X₁ + 0.510X₂ demonstrated that both workload (t = 3.132, p = 0.003) and work discipline (t = 4.099, p = 0.000) significantly influenced employee performance. Simultaneously, both variables showed a significant effect (F = 70.584, p = 0.000) with an adjusted R² of 0.675, indicating that 67.5% of performance variance was explained by these factors. Conclusions: Workload and work discipline significantly influence employee performance at the Regional Library Office of North Sumatra Province. Appropriate workload management and consistent discipline enforcement are essential for optimizing employee performance in public service institutions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Marintan Romasi Novalina Siregar, Maduma Sari Sagala, Evi Novalin Bako (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Influence of Sports Mega-Events on Local Business Growth: A Study of PON 2024 Aquatic Venue
Introduction: Sports mega-events have emerged as significant catalysts for regional economic development, yet their impact on local business ecosystems remains inadequately understood, particularly in developing economies. The Pekan Olahraga Nasional (PON) 2024, hosted in Papua, Indonesia, presents a unique opportunity to examine these dynamics within an emerging market context. Purpose of the study: This research investigates the influence of PON 2024's aquatic venue on local business growth, examining both immediate and sustained economic impacts on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the host region. Materials and methods: A mixed-methods approach was employed, involving 387 local businesses across hospitality, retail, transportation, and service sectors. Data collection occurred through structured surveys, financial performance analysis, and semi-structured interviews conducted pre-event (6 months prior), during the event, and post-event (6 months after). Quantitative analyses were conducted using SPSS v27, employing descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Local businesses experienced a mean revenue increase of 34.7% (SD = 12.3) during the event period compared to baseline measurements. The hospitality sector demonstrated the highest growth (47.2%), followed by retail (31.8%) and transportation services (28.4%). Post-event analysis revealed sustained growth of 18.3% above baseline levels six months after conclusion. Employment increased by 23.1% during the event, with 67.4% of new positions retained post-event. Conclusions: PON 2024's aquatic venue generated substantial positive impacts on local business growth, with effects extending beyond the immediate event period. The findings suggest that well-planned sports mega-events can serve as effective tools for regional economic development, particularly when integrated with comprehensive local business development strategies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pijai Prana Sitepu, Rama Wati, Agnes Monica Hutahaean, Revaldi Sembiring, Ricky Ariya Sitepu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Green Sponsorship in Global Sports: Between Corporate Branding and Authentic Environmental Action: A Literature Review
Purpose of the study: This systematic literature review investigates green sponsorship in global sports, focusing on the interplay between corporate environmental branding and genuine sustainability initiatives, while analyzing the effectiveness of environmental sponsorship practices and their impact on corporate reputation and environmental outcomes. Materials and methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using various electronic databases, covering publications from 2010 to 2024, with specific search terms and inclusion criteria resulting in 67 relevant studies after screening 847 initial articles. Results: The analysis identified three categories of green sponsorship: (1) Authentic environmental partnerships (23%), (2) Strategic green branding (54%), and (3) Superficial greenwashing (23%), with findings showing that authentic partnerships yield significantly higher brand loyalty compared to greenwashing. Conclusions: Green sponsorship ranges from genuine commitment to superficial tactics; authentic partnerships positively affect corporate reputation and environmental outcomes, whereas greenwashing erodes consumer trust, necessitating future research on metrics for evaluating authenticity and impact.
Copyright (c) 2025 Felisa Romo Lea, Gertude Barton, Alexander Mayr (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Beyond Container: Postmodern Packaging as Visual Communication Medium in Contemporary Branding Strategy
Purpose of the study: This research investigates the impact of postmodern aesthetics on product packaging design, identifies defining visual elements, evaluates young consumers' perceptions, and examines the effects on branding strategies and purchasing behavior, focusing on postmodern principles like deconstruction, intertextuality, irony, and hybridity. Materials and methods: A qualitative approach with descriptive-analytical methods is adopted through a multiple case study design, utilizing literature reviews and non-participatory visual observation of postmodern packaging characteristics, analyzing aspects such as typography, illustrations, layout, colors, materials, and effects, with data analyzed through visual semiotic and comparative methods. Results: Key findings indicate postmodern influences in packaging design manifest through experimental typography, contrasting colors, non-linear layouts, and mixed media, employing strategies like humor and irony, exemplified by anti-theft lunch bags and interactive packaging; postmodern design merges aesthetic and functional appeal, with typography serving as dual visual communication. Conclusions: Postmodern packaging reflects a transformative shift from simple containers to intricate visual communication that conveys symbolic messages and emotional expression, offering designers expressive freedom and serving as a strategy for enhancing product appeal; the synergy of aesthetic, emotional, and functional elements fosters memorable consumer experiences in a competitive market, positioning postmodern design as significant in contemporary practices responsive to socio-cultural dynamics and market evolution.
Copyright (c) 2025 Widya Oktary Setiawardhani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of Marine Water Quality to Facilitate Management in Support of Mangrove Conservation in Kayo Batu Village, Jayapura
Purpose of the study: this investigation aimed to assess the quality of marine water by analyzing a range of physico-chemical parameters, such as pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved hydrogen ions (DHL), salinity, and temperature, in addition to determining its importance in promoting mangrove conservation initiatives. Materials and methods: A quantitative approach was used by measuring water quality at eight sampling points during morning and afternoon sessions, combined with a questionnaire distributed to 88 respondents to capture community perceptions of environmental changes. Results: The results indicate that marine water quality in Kayo Batu Village is classified as lightly polluted but remains within the permissible threshold according to the Minister of Environment Decree No. 51 of 2004. Some parameters, such as DO and pH, slightly exceed the optimal range for healthy mangrove ecosystems. Community perceptions reveal concerns about declining water quality due to poor sanitation and domestic pollution. Therefore, a mangrove conservation strategy based on adaptive and participatory approaches is necessary, particularly through the control of pollution sources, environmental education, and improved sanitation infrastructure. Conclusions: The findings of this study are expected to serve as a scientific basis for policy formulation to sustainably preserve the coastal ecosystem.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gaviota J.T Maturbongs, Hotnida Nainggolan, Sarah A Rumawak (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Strategic Governance Management in Enhancing Digital Literacy in West Tanjung Jabung Regency's Educational Institutions
Purpose of the study: This research aims to analyse the strategy of the Education and Culture Office of Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency in improving digital literacy through the Education Innovation and Good Corporate Governance (GCG) approach. Materials and methods: Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations and documentation studies of education digitisation policies and practices. The results show that the strategies implemented include improving teachers' competencies through technology-based training, strengthening digital infrastructure, developing online learning platforms, and applying GCG principles such as transparency, accountability and public participation. In addition, blended learning methods and the utilisation of big data and AI in learning evaluation are also part of the educational transformation. Results: The results show that the strategies implemented include improving teachers' competencies through technology-based training, strengthening digital infrastructure, developing online learning platforms, and applying GCG principles such as transparency, accountability and public participation. In addition, blended learning methods and the utilisation of big data and AI in learning evaluation are also part of the educational transformation. Despite facing challenges such as limited infrastructure and digital literacy, this strategy shows significant potential in improving access and quality of learning, especially in remote areas. Conclusions: The integration of education innovation and good governance principles is key in realising an adaptive and sustainable education system in the digital era. The success of this strategy requires long-term commitment and regulatory support that is flexible to technological dynamics.
Copyright (c) 2025 Agung Wahyudi, Marno Nugroho (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Taxation Liability Determination Framework Predicated on Adherence to Taxpayer Obligations
Purpose of the study: This study aims to develop a tax payment decision model based on taxpayer compliance, specifically examining how tax awareness and understanding of tax regulations influence taxpayers' decisions to pay regional taxes in Batang Hari Regency. Materials and methods: This research employs a quantitative explanatory approach using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on Partial Least Squares (PLS). Data were collected through structured questionnaires from 135 active regional taxpayers across eight tax sectors (PBB-P2, PBJT, Advertisement, etc.) using total sampling technique. The study examined the relationships between tax regulation (X1), taxpayer awareness (X2), taxpayer compliance (Z as mediating variable), and tax payment decisions (Y). Results: All research hypotheses were statistically significant. Tax regulation and taxpayer awareness positively influence taxpayer compliance (path coefficients: 0.403 and 0.568 respectively). However, tax regulation shows a negative direct effect on tax payment decisions (-0.223), while taxpayer awareness demonstrates a positive direct effect (0.207). Taxpayer compliance significantly mediates the relationship between both independent variables and tax payment decisions (0.469). The model explains 59% of taxpayer compliance variance and 39.2% of tax payment decision variance. Conclusions: Taxpayer awareness and tax regulations significantly influence taxpayer compliance, which subsequently affects actual tax payment decisions. High levels of awareness, supported by clear, fair, and easily understood regulations, effectively increase compliance rates and encourage voluntary tax payments. Taxpayer compliance plays an essential mediating role in strengthening the relationship between regulations and awareness toward tax payment decisions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Adi Ismir, Mutamimah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
IoT-Based Remote Electricity Control and Management Monitoring System Using Blynk Application
Purpose of the study: This research seeks to create an IoT-based system for remote electricity control and monitoring, ensuring precise, real-time energy management through a user-friendly interface. The study emphasizes the design of a cohesive hardware-software system utilizing NodeMCU ESP32, PZEM-004T sensors, relay modules, and the Blynk application, while evaluating performance concerning response time, accuracy, stability, and reliability in domestic settings. Materials and methods: An experimental methodology was adopted, encompassing needs analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation phases. The system employs NodeMCU ESP32 as the principal microcontroller, relay modules as electronic switches, PZEM-004T sensors for monitoring electricity usage, and an LCD for information display. It interfaces with the Blynk application for remote control and monitoring, with testing conducted in a controlled household setting to assess response speed, accuracy, stability, and scheduling reliability. Results: The system exhibited exceptional performance, achieving WiFi connectivity within 2 seconds and command execution in under 2 seconds. The PZEM-004T sensor attained over 98% accuracy for voltage, current, power, and energy parameters when compared to calibrated standards. The automatic scheduling feature functioned with a 100% success rate during thorough testing. Real-time data was transmitted every 5 seconds, providing prompt feedback through the Blynk interface and integrated LCD. Conclusions: The IoT-based remote electricity control system presents an innovative solution for household energy management, realizing a 70% enhancement in electricity usage efficiency. It features rapid response times, high accuracy, dependable scheduling, and user-friendly interfaces, catering to users with diverse technical skills. Despite limitations like internet dependency and sensor constraints, it serves as an effective and cost-efficient solution for smart energy management in residential settings.
Copyright (c) 2025 Andreanata Pradifta Muksin, Budi Tjahjono (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
E-commerce Impact on Accounting Efficiency in MSMEs
Purpose of the study: This study aims to comprehensively analyze the impact of e-commerce adoption on the efficiency of accounting systems among MSMEs in Medan Kota District, Indonesia, and to identify key factors mediating this relationship. Materials and methods: Employing a quantitative research design, data were collected from 120 MSMEs using stratified random sampling. Structured questionnaires and adapted Motor Competency Assessment tools were utilized to measure e-commerce adoption and accounting system efficiency. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and path regression analysis to determine the strength and direction of relationships. Results: The results reveal a significant positive correlation (r = 0.62, p < 0.01) between e-commerce adoption and accounting system efficiency. Path regression analysis indicates that e-commerce adoption explains 38% of the variance in accounting efficiency (R² = 0.38, p < 0.01). Further analysis suggests that digital literacy and organizational readiness moderate this relationship. Conclusions: E-commerce adoption substantially improves the efficiency of accounting systems in MSMEs, with digital literacy and organizational readiness serving as important enabling factors. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to support digital transformation in MSMEs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Menda Winarti Br Tumanggor, Windi Pasaribu, Septina Joe Sephine gulo, Tafaogo Laia, Nurhayanti lombu, Dwi Fany Fransiska Dewi Butar Butar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Impact of System Quality, Information Quality, and Service Quality of Rail Ticketing System (RTS) on Customer Satisfaction of PT. Kereta Api Indonesia
Purpose of the study: This research aims to examine the influence of system quality, information quality, and service quality of the Rail Ticketing System (RTS) on customer satisfaction among PT. Kereta Api Indonesia passengers in Medan City. Materials and methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted with 385 passengers of PT. Kereta Api Indonesia in Medan City, Indonesia, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires measuring system quality, information quality, service quality, and customer satisfaction. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and path regression analysis using SPSS version 28. Results: The findings revealed that system quality (β = 0.324, p < 0.001), information quality (β = 0.287, p < 0.001), and service quality (β = 0.391, p < 0.001) significantly and positively influenced customer satisfaction. The model explained 68.4% of the variance in customer satisfaction (R² = 0.684). Service quality demonstrated the strongest impact on customer satisfaction, followed by system quality and information quality. Conclusions: All three quality dimensions of RTS significantly contribute to customer satisfaction, with service quality being the most influential factor. These findings suggest that PT. Kereta Api Indonesia should prioritize service quality improvements while maintaining high standards in system and information quality to enhance overall customer satisfaction.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ovi Selviani Waruwu, Putri Andini, Selvia Sari Waruwu, Fitriani Zebua, Della Crisanta, Dwi Fany Fransiska Dewi Butar Butar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Stimulating Tourists' Imagination: The Role of Visual Communication in Managing Storynomic Tourism Strategies in the Digital Age
Purpose of the study: This research aims to analyse the role of visual communication in supporting storynomic tourism strategies, particularly how visual elements shape tourist perceptions, emotional connections, and destination attractiveness in the digital age. Materials and methods: A qualitative-descriptive approach was employed, incorporating visual semiotics and representation discourse analysis. Data were collected through digital documentation of social media content, in-depth interviews with tourism content creators and digital travellers, and participatory online observation. Visual materials from Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube accounts (e.g., @wonderfulindonesia) were the primary objects of study. Results: Findings reveal that visuals—through the use of local symbols, colour palettes, illustration styles, and cinematic storytelling—effectively build emotional narratives and trigger the imagination of digital travellers. Content infused with cultural meaning outperformed purely informational visuals in engagement metrics. Social media platforms such as Instagram and TikTok proved particularly powerful in conveying micro-narratives that inspire travel interest. Conclusions: Visual storytelling is a critical component of storynomic tourism, influencing traveller decisions through emotional engagement and digital immersion. A research-based visual communication strategy that prioritises cultural authenticity and emotional resonance is essential for tourism stakeholders aiming to differentiate destinations in the competitive digital landscape.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aliyah, Raden Asri Kartini, Amanda, Tik Tik Dewi Sartika (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0