Cyber-Enabled Fraud in the Gig Economy: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Indonesia's Electronic Information and Transactions Law Against Fictitious Ride-Hailing Orders
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53905/Veritas.v2i01.2Keywords:
electronic information and transactions law, fictitious order, online motorcycle taxi, cybercrime, law enforcementAbstract
Purpose of the study: This study examines the application of Indonesia's Electronic Information and Transactions Law (Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, hereinafter "the ITE Law," Law No. 11 of 2008 as amended by Law No. 19 of 2016 and Law No. 1 of 2024) against perpetrators of fictitious orders (order fiktif) directed at online motorcycle taxi (ojek online) drivers in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan. The research aims to identify the legal qualification of fictitious-order conduct under the ITE Law, to analyze the law-enforcement process against such perpetrators, and to identify the obstacles encountered by law-enforcement officers and online-transportation companies in enforcing the law in Pontianak.
Methodology: This research employs an empirical (socio-legal) juridical method combined with normative statutory and conceptual approaches. Primary data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with investigators at the Pontianak City Police Cybercrime Unit (Satreskrim Polresta Pontianak), online ojek drivers who had experienced fictitious orders, and legal officers of ride-hailing platform operators in Pontianak. Secondary data were derived from statutory materials, court decisions, and prior scholarly literature. Data were analyzed qualitatively using an interactive model of data reduction, display, and conclusion drawing.
Results: Fictitious-order practices in Pontianak predominantly take the form of falsified food-delivery and ride orders using fabricated names, addresses, and telephone numbers, causing material losses to drivers and reputational losses to platform operators. The conduct most frequently satisfies the elements of Article 35 juncto Article 51 paragraph (1) of the ITE Law concerning electronic manipulation, and may alternatively be qualified under Article 28 paragraph (1) concerning the dissemination of false and misleading electronic information, or under the general fraud provisions of the Criminal Code (Articles 378–379). Enforcement in Pontianak remains limited by low victim-reporting rates, evidentiary difficulties in tracing anonymous digital identities, and limited digital-forensic capacity at the resort level.
Conclusions: The ITE Law provides an adequate normative basis for prosecuting fictitious-order perpetrators, yet its practical application in Pontianak is hampered by structural and evidentiary constraints. Strengthening digital-forensic capacity, streamlining inter-agency cooperation with platform operators, and enhancing driver legal literacy are recommended to improve enforcement effectiveness.
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